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arXiv 1608.07372astro-ph.EP
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木卫二的地面温度

The surface temperature of Europa

Yosef Ashkenazy

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摘要：

以前对木星卫星木卫二年平均地面温度的估计忽略了木星绕太阳轨道偏心率的影响，木卫二冰的发射率和热容量的影响，木卫二日食的影响（即，木卫二在木星阴影内的相对时间），木星辐射的影响，以及木卫二内部加热的影响。其他研究集中在日周期，但忽略了上述一些因素。此外，据我们所知，木卫二的地面温度的季节循环没有估计。本文系统地估算了木卫二的日、季和年平均地面温度，其中考虑了木卫二的反照率、比辐射率、热容和日食，以及木星的辐射、内部加热和偏心率。对于0.05 W/m $^{-2}$的典型内部加热率，赤道、极地、全球和年平均地面温度分别为96 K、46 K和90 K。我们发现高纬度地区的温度受内部加热的影响很大，特别是在冬至期间，这表明高纬度地面温度的测量可以用来约束内部加热。我们还估计了进入土卫二的太阳辐射，土星的卫星。

英文摘要：

Previous estimates of the annual mean surface temperature of Jupiter's moon, Europa, neglected the effect of the eccentricity of Jupiter's orbit around the Sun, the effect of the emissivity and heat capacity of Europa's ice, the effect of the eclipse of Europa (i.e., the relative time that Europa is within the shadow of Jupiter), the effect of Jupiter's radiation, and the effect of Europa's internal heating. Other studies concentrated on the diurnal cycle but neglected some of the above factors. In addition, to our knowledge, the seasonal cycle of the surface temperature of Europa was not estimated. Here we systematically estimate the diurnal, seasonal and annual mean surface temperature of Europa, when Europa's obliquity, emissivity, heat capacity, and eclipse, as well as Jupiter's radiation, internal heating, and eccentricity, are all taken into account. For a typical internal heating rate of 0.05 W m$^{-2}$, the equator, pole, and the global and mean annual mean surface temperatures are 96K, 46K, and 90K, respectively. We found that the temperature at the high latitudes is significantly affected by the internal heating, especially during the winter solstice, suggesting that measurements of high latitude surface temperatures can be used to constrain the internal heating. We also estimate the incoming solar radiation to Enceladus, the moon of Saturn.

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