arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1702.04385astro-ph.EP
收藏

土星内部中型卫星从巨大原始冰环中的吸积

Accretion of Saturn's Inner Mid-sized Moons from a Massive Primordial Ice Ring

Julien Salmon, Robin M. Canup

摘要:

土星的环是岩石贫乏,包含90%-95%的冰质量。作为一个群体,土星的卫星内部,包括特提斯也约90%的冰。土卫三本身的岩石质量小于6%,而其外邻土卫四的岩石质量大于40%。在这里,我们模拟了一个巨大的原始冰丰富的环和卫星的生产环材料传播超过罗氏限制的演变。我们描述的Roche内环的解析模型,并使用N体代码来描述超过Roche极限的材料。我们跟踪的吸积和衍生卫星的相互作用,包括潮汐与行星的相互作用,假设潮汐耗散因子为土星的$Q~10^4$。我们发现,环扭矩和捕获的卫星相互共振产生一个系统的冰丰富的内卫星,向外延伸到大约特提斯的轨道在$10^9$年,即使相对缓慢的轨道膨胀,由于潮汐。由此产生的卫星质量和半长轴分布类似于土卫一、土卫二和土卫三。我们估计的质量岩石交付到卫星的外部彗星撞击在后期重轰炸。我们发现,内卫星接收的岩石质量与它们目前的岩石总含量相当,而土卫四和土卫五接收的岩石数量级低于它们目前的岩石含量。这表明外部污染可能是内卫星岩石的主要来源,土卫四和土卫五是由更多的岩石形成的。再现岩石在当前内卫星中的分布是具有挑战性的,并且似乎需要大的撞击物随机性和/或在初始环中存在一些岩石。

英文摘要:

Saturn's rings are rock-poor, containing 90%-95% ice by mass. As a group, Saturn's moons interior to and including Tethys are also about 90% ice. Tethys itself contains <6% rock by mass, in contrast to its similar-mass outer neighbor Dione, which contains >40% rock. Here we simulate the evolution of a massive primordial ice-rich ring and the production of satellites as ring material spreads beyond the Roche limit. We describe the Roche-interior ring with an analytic model, and use an N-body code to describe material beyond the Roche limit. We track the accretion and interactions of spawned satellites, including tidal interaction with the planet, assuming a tidal dissipation factor for Saturn of $Q~10^4$. We find that ring torques and capture of moons into mutual resonances produce a system of ice-rich inner moons that extends outward to approximately Tethys's orbit in $10^9$ years, even with relatively slow orbital expansion due to tides. The resulting mass and semimajor axis distribution of spawned moons resembles that of Mimas, Enceladus, and Tethys. We estimate the mass of rock delivered to the moons by external cometary impactors during a late heavy bombardment. We find that the inner moons receive a mass in rock comparable to their current total rock content, while Dione and Rhea receive an order-of-magnitude less rock than their current rock content. This suggests that external ontamination may have been the primary source of rock in the inner moons, and that Dione and Rhea formed from much more rock-rich source material. Reproducing the distribution of rock among the current inner moons is challenging, and appears to require large impactors stochasticity and/or the presence of some rock in the initial ring.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑