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arXiv 1401.3036astro-ph.EP
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月球形成盘初始状态的研究:桥接SPH模拟和流体静力学模型

Investigation of the Initial State of the Moon-Forming Disk: Bridging SPH Simulations and Hydrostatic Models

Miki Nakajima, David J. Stevenson

摘要:

根据标准的巨型撞击假说,月球是由原始地球和火星大小的撞击物碰撞产生的部分蒸发的圆盘形成的。盘的初始结构显着影响月球的形成过程,包括月球的质量,它的吸积时间尺度,以及它与地球的同位素相似性。撞击事件的动力学决定了一个接近流体静力的月球形成盘的初始结构。然而,流体静力学和流体动力学模型已经分别研究,它们之间的联系以前没有得到很好的量化。在这里,我们展示了在何种程度上可以推断出平滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)模拟的磁盘的属性。利用SPH输出的熵、角动量和质量分布作为近似守恒量,计算了二维盘结构。我们调查了四种不同的模型:(a)标准的,规范的巨型撞击模型,(b)快速旋转的地球,一个快速旋转的地球和一个小的撞击物之间的碰撞,(c)子地球,两个物体之间的碰撞与地球质量的一半,和(d)中间,两个机构的碰撞,其质量比为7:3。我们的SPH计算表明,初始盘具有近似均匀的熵。快速旋转的地球和次地球的情况下,磁盘更热,更多的蒸发(80-90%的蒸汽)比标准的情况下(20%)。中间情况介于这些值之间。在高度蒸发的情况下,我们的程序未能建立一个独特的表面密度分布的磁盘,因为磁盘是不稳定的,根据瑞利准则。在这些情况下,我们估计非唯一的磁盘模型保存全球数量。我们还开发了一个半解析模型的磁盘的热结构,它只需要两个输入:平均熵和磁盘的表面密度。

英文摘要:

According to the standard giant impact hypothesis, the Moon formed from a partially vaporized disk generated by a collision between the proto Earth and a Mars sized impactor. The initial structure of the disk significantly affects the Moon forming process, including the Moons mass, its accretion time scale, and its isotopic similarity to Earth. The dynamics of the impact event determines the initial structure of a nearly hydrostatic Moon forming disk. However, the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic models have been studied separately and their connection has not previously been well quantified. Here, we show the extent to which the properties of the disk can be inferred from Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations. By using entropy, angular momentum and mass distributions of the SPH outputs as approximately conserved quantities, we compute the two dimensional disk structure. We investigate four different models: (a) standard, the canonical giant impact model, (b) fast spinning Earth, a collision between a fast spinning Earth and a small impactor, (c) sub Earths, a collision between two objects with half Earths mass, and (d) intermediate, a collision of two bodies whose mass ratio is 7:3. Our SPH calculations show that the initial disk has approximately uniform entropy. The disks of the fast spinning Earth and sub Earths cases are hotter and more vaporized (80-90% vapor) than the standard case (20%). The intermediate case falls between these values. In the highly vaporized cases, our procedure fails to establish a unique surface density profile of the disk because the disk is unstable according to the Rayleigh criterion. In these cases, we estimate non-unique disk models by conserving global quantities. We also develop a semi analytic model for the thermal structure of the disk, which requires only two inputs: the average entropy and the surface density of the disk.

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