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arXiv 1401.0701quant-ph
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色散介质的非平衡量子涨落:自发发射、光子统计、熵产生和随机运动

Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion

Mohammad F. Maghrebi, Robert L. Jaffe, Mehran Kardar

摘要:

本文研究了色散介质在稳定旋转下,与环境处于或不处于热平衡时的量子涨落的含义。旋转的物体通过光子的自发发射以及内部发热耗散其机械运动而表现出量子不稳定性。导出了辐射能量和角动量的普遍关系,作为涉及目标散射矩阵的迹公式。我们还计算量子噪声推导出的热平衡和/或动态平衡的辐射光子的全部统计。(纠缠)熵产生的量化,和总熵示出总是增加。此外,我们推导出一个福克-普朗克方程的随机角运动所产生的波动反作用摩擦力矩。结果,我们发现了一个量子极限的不确定性的物体的角速度在稳定的旋转。最后,我们展示了一些细节,一个旋转的物体拖动附近的物体,使他们旋转平行于其旋转轴。在第一部分中引入了一个标量玩具模型,以简化技术细节和减轻概念的复杂性;在第二部分中详细讨论了量子电动力学。

英文摘要:

We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internal heat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy and angular momentum as trace formulas involving the object's scattering matrix. We also compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiated photons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropy generation is quantified, and the total entropy is shown to be always increasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the stochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating back-reaction frictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty of the object's angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in some detail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallel to its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced in the first part to simplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities; a detailed discussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented in the second part.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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