AI 中文总结
研究受三光子参数驱动的玻色-哈伯德晶格，用基于变分多高斯假设的变分相空间方法，在一维和二维做有限尺寸标度分析，发现二维单光子损耗晶格转变属经典三态Potts模型普适类，一维三光子损耗晶格转变由量子三态Potts普适类控制。
AI 中文摘要
从本质上非平衡动力学中出现平衡普适性是一个基本的开放问题。在光子和电路QED平台中实现的玻色-哈伯德晶格为设计非线性相互作用、耗散和多光子过程提供了一个通用的环境。在这里，我们研究了一个受到三光子参数驱动的玻色-哈伯德晶格，其非平衡稳态自发地打破了一个\(\mathbb Z_3\)对称性，并实现了三态Potts模型的临界性，它是伊辛模型的三态推广。我们使用基于变分多高斯假设的具有系统可控精度的变分相空间方法，在一维和二维空间中进行有限尺寸标度分析。我们发现，在具有单光子损耗的二维晶格中，非平衡稳态转变属于二维经典三态Potts模型的普适类。相反，在具有三光子损耗的一维晶格中，转变由一维量子三态Potts普适类控制。这些结果将驱动耗散玻色子晶格确立为出现Potts临界性的平台，并确定多光子耗散是一种促进非平衡临界行为从经典到量子普适类转变的机制。
英文摘要
The emergence of equilibrium universality from intrinsically nonequilibrium dynamics is a fundamental open problem. Bose-Hubbard lattices realized in photonic and circuit-QED platforms provide a versatile setting to engineer nonlinear interactions, dissipation, and multiphoton processes. Here we investigate a Bose-Hubbard lattice subject to three-photon parametric driving, whose nonequilibrium steady state spontaneously breaks a $\mathbb Z_3$ symmetry and realizes the criticality of the three-state Potts model, a three-state generalization of the Ising model. Using a variational phase-space approach with systematically controllable accuracy based on a Variational Multi-Gaussian ansatz, we perform finite-size scaling analyses in one and two spatial dimensions. We find that, in two-dimensional lattices with single-photon losses, the nonequilibrium steady-state transition belongs to the universality class of the 2D classical three-state Potts model. In contrast, in one-dimensional lattices with three-photon losses, the transition is governed by the one-dimensional quantum three-state Potts universality class. These results establish driven-dissipative bosonic lattices as a platform for emergent Potts criticality and identify multiphoton dissipation as a mechanism that promotes nonequilibrium critical behavior from classical to quantum universality classes.
Comments7 pages, 3 figures
