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arXiv 1310.7499gr-qcastro-ph.HE
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提取黑洞转动能:广义Penrose过程

Extracting black-hole rotational energy: The generalized Penrose process

J. -P. Lasota, E. Gourgoulhon, M. Abramowicz, A. Tchekhovskoy, R. Narayan

摘要:

在涉及粒子的情况下,彭罗斯过程从旋转的黑洞中提取能量的充分必要条件是吸收具有负能量和角动量的粒子。在黑洞视界上没有力矩发生。本文考虑了由未指定的一般能量动量张量$T_{μν}$描述的任意场或物质的情况,并证明了提取黑洞转动能的充要条件类似于机械彭罗斯过程:吸收负能量和负角动量.我们还表明,彭罗斯过程发生的一个必要条件是诺特电流(守恒的能量动量密度矢量)是类空的或过去定向(类时或零)的地平线上的某些部分。在粒子情况下,我们关于彭罗斯过程发生的一般判据再现了标准结果。在相对论性喷流产生的“磁制动盘”的情况下,我们表明,负能量和角动量吸收条件时,遵守的Blandford-Znajek机制是在工作中,因此,高能量提取效率高达$\sim 300\%$发现在最近的数值模拟这种吸积流的结果从挖掘的黑洞的旋转能量通过彭罗斯过程。我们展示了如何黑洞旋转能量提取工程在这种情况下描述彭罗斯过程的诺特电流。

英文摘要:

In the case involving particles the necessary and sufficient condition for the Penrose process to extract energy from a rotating black hole is absorption of particles with negative energies and angular momenta. No torque at the black-hole horizon occurs. In this article we consider the case of arbitrary fields or matter described by an unspecified, general energy-momentum tensor $T_{μν}$ and show that the necessary and sufficient condition for extraction of a black hole's rotational energy is analogous to that in the mechanical Penrose process: absorption of negative energy and negative angular momentum. We also show that a necessary condition for the Penrose process to occur is for the Noether current (the conserved energy-momentum density vector) to be spacelike or past directed (timelike or null) on some part of the horizon. In the particle case, our general criterion for the occurrence of a Penrose process reproduces the standard result. In the case of relativistic jet-producing "magnetically arrested disks" we show that the negative energy and angular-momentum absorption condition is obeyed when the Blandford-Znajek mechanism is at work, and hence the high energy extraction efficiency up to $\sim 300\%$ found in recent numerical simulations of such accretion flows results from tapping the black hole's rotational energy through the Penrose process. We show how black-hole rotational energy extraction works in this case by describing the Penrose process in terms of the Noether current.

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