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arXiv 2410.04776gr-qcastro-ph.HE
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Kerr黑洞能量提取、不可约质量反馈及俘获粒子电荷的影响

Kerr black hole energy extraction, irreducible mass feedback, and the effect of captured particles charge

J. A. Rueda, R. Ruffini

AI总结:

本研究分析带测试电荷的Kerr黑洞在磁场和电离物质环境下的旋转能量提取,揭示粒子电荷引发的吸积循环行为,发现该电动力学机制比Penrose过程等引力机制的能量提取效率更高。

摘要:

我们分析了带有测试电荷、被外部测试磁场和电离低密度物质环绕的Kerr黑洞(BH)的旋转能量提取过程。当磁场平行于黑洞自旋时,在黑洞极区(赤道区)周围的区域内,电子向外(向内)运动,质子向内(向外)运动。当电荷为零时,极区对应的球极角范围约为$-60^\text{度}\lesssim θ\lesssim 60^\text{度}$,赤道区则为$60^\text{度}\lesssim θ\lesssim 120^\text{度}$;正电荷会使极区收缩、赤道区扩大。\n对于各向同性的粒子密度,我们认为黑洞可能呈现循环行为:从零电荷开始,黑洞吸积的极区质子多于赤道区电子,获得净正电荷、能量和角动量。随后,极区的收缩(赤道区的扩大)使得黑洞吸积的赤道区电子多于极区质子,获得净负电荷、能量和角动量,此阶段黑洞的旋转能量被提取。提取过程持续到极区再次扩大使情况反转,循环往复。我们证明,与Penrose过程等引力机制相比,这种电动力学过程导致的黑洞不可约质量增长相对有限,因此是一种更高效、更具前景的黑洞旋转能量提取机制。

英文摘要:

We analyze the extraction of the rotational energy of a Kerr black hole (BH) endowed with a test charge and surrounded by an external test magnetic field and ionized low-density matter. For a magnetic field parallel to the BH spin, electrons move outward (inward) and protons inward (outward) in a region around the BH poles (equator). For zero charge, the polar region comprises spherical polar angles $-60^\circ\lesssim θ\lesssim 60^\circ$ and the equatorial region $60^\circ\lesssim θ\lesssim 120^\circ$. The polar region shrinks for positive charge, and the equatorial region enlarges. For an isotropic particle density, we argue the BH could experience a cyclic behavior: starting from a zero charge, it accretes more polar protons than equatorial electrons, gaining net positive charge, energy, and angular momentum. Then, the shrinking(enlarging) of the polar(equatorial) region makes it accrete more equatorial electrons than polar protons, gaining net negative charge, energy, and angular momentum. In this phase, the BH rotational energy is extracted. The extraction process continues until the new enlargement of the polar region reverses the situation, and the cycle repeats. We show that this electrodynamical process produces a relatively limited increase of the BH irreducible mass compared to gravitational mechanisms like the Penrose process, hence being a more efficient and promising mechanism for extracting the BH rotational energy.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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