从旋转黑洞中提取能量的五十年：重新审视磁彭罗斯过程
Fifty years of energy extraction from rotating black hole: revisiting magnetic Penrose process
摘要：
磁彭罗斯过程（Magnetic Penrose process，MPP）不仅是最令人兴奋和最有吸引力的黑洞转动能量的挖掘过程，而且也是天体物理学上可行的高能源和高能现象的机制。它在三个制度的效率，即低，中等和超，这取决于磁化和收费的旋转黑洞在天体物理设置。在本文中，我们重新审视MPP与全面讨论其物理在不同的制度，并比较其操作与其他竞争机制。我们表明，MPP可以在原则上支付账单的超高能宇宙射线，相对论喷流，快速射电暴，类星体，活动星系核等现象的动力引擎，此外，它也导致了一些重要的可观测的预测。所有这一切都完美地证实了罗杰·彭罗斯在半个世纪前通过这一过程所预示的能源发电站新前景的承诺，今天，它已经从20世纪80年代中期的一个纯粹的学术兴趣的思想实验上升为各种高能天体物理现象的现实动力机制。
英文摘要：
Magnetic Penrose process (MPP) is not only the most exciting and fascinating process mining the rotational energy of black hole but it is also the favored astrophysically viable mechanism for high energy sources and phenomena. It operates in three regimes of efficiency, namely low, moderate and ultra, depending on the magnetization and charging of spinning black holes in astrophysical setting. In this paper, we revisit MPP with a comprehensive discussion of its physics in different regimes, and compare its operation with other competing mechanisms. We show that MPP could in principle foot the bill for powering engine of such phenomena as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, relativistic jets, fast radio bursts, quasars, AGNs, etc. Further, it also leads to a number of important observable predictions. All this beautifully bears out the promise of a new vista of energy powerhouse heralded by Roger Penrose half a century ago through this process, and it has today risen in its magnetically empowered version of mid 1980s from a purely thought experiment of academic interest to a realistic powering mechanism for various high-energy astrophysical phenomena.
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