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arXiv 1306.1272astro-ph.CO
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具有引力透镜时间延迟的暗能量

Dark energy with gravitational lens time delays

T. Treu, P. J. Marshall, F. -Y. Cyr-Racine, C. D. Fassnacht, C. R. Keeton, E. V. Linder, L. A. Moustakas, M. Bradac, E. Buckley-Geer, T. Collett, F. Courbin, G.… 展开作者

T. Treu, P. J. Marshall, F. -Y. Cyr-Racine, C. D. Fassnacht, C. R. Keeton, E. V. Linder, L. A. Moustakas, M. Bradac, E. Buckley-Geer, T. Collett, F. Courbin, G. Dobler, D. A. Finley, J. Hjorth, C. S. Kochanek, E. Komatsu, L. V. E. Koopmans, G. Meylan, P. Natarajan, M. Oguri, S. H. Suyu, M. Tewes, K. C. Wong, A. I. Zabludoff, D. Zaritsky, T. Anguita, R. J. Brunner, R. Cabanac, E. E. Falco, A. Fritz, G. Seidel, D. A. Howell, C. Giocoli, N. Jackson, S. Lopez, R. B. Metcalf, V. Motta, T. Verdugo

摘要:

强引力透镜时间延迟是探测暗能量的一种有效手段。最近的研究表明,只要有足够的数据来确定时间延迟并重建偏转器的引力势,单个透镜可以提供6- 7%精度的距离测量(包括随机和系统不确定性)。引力-时间延迟是一种低红移(z~0-2)的探测,因此在解释来自高红移探测的数据(如宇宙微波背景)时,可以用暗能量状态方程来打破简并。目前的研究受到已知透镜类星体样本大小的限制,但这种情况即将改变。即使在这十年中,宽场成像调查也可能发现数千个透镜类星体,从而能够对其中约100个系统进行有针对性的研究,并导致暗能量优值的大幅增加。在接下来的十年中,一个进一步的数量级的改善将是可能的,预计将被检测和测量与LSST和欧几里得10000系统。为了充分利用这些成果,我们确定了三个优先事项。第一,支持开发分析数据所需的软件。其次,在这十年中,专门用于监测透镜类星体的小型机器人望远镜(直径1- 4米)将通过为约100个系统提供精确的时间延迟来改变该领域。第三,在2020年,LSST将提供1000的时间延迟;瓶颈将是高分辨率成像后续的采集和分析。因此,下一个十年的首要任务是支持快速高分辨率成像能力,例如詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜和大型地面望远镜上的下一代自适应光学系统所实现的成像能力。

英文摘要:

Strong lensing gravitational time delays are a powerful and cost effective probe of dark energy. Recent studies have shown that a single lens can provide a distance measurement with 6-7 % accuracy (including random and systematic uncertainties), provided sufficient data are available to determine the time delay and reconstruct the gravitational potential of the deflector. Gravitational-time delays are a low redshift (z~0-2) probe and thus allow one to break degeneracies in the interpretation of data from higher-redshift probes like the cosmic microwave background in terms of the dark energy equation of state. Current studies are limited by the size of the sample of known lensed quasars, but this situation is about to change. Even in this decade, wide field imaging surveys are likely to discover thousands of lensed quasars, enabling the targeted study of ~100 of these systems and resulting in substantial gains in the dark energy figure of merit. In the next decade, a further order of magnitude improvement will be possible with the 10000 systems expected to be detected and measured with LSST and Euclid. To fully exploit these gains, we identify three priorities. First, support for the development of software required for the analysis of the data. Second, in this decade, small robotic telescopes (1-4m in diameter) dedicated to monitoring of lensed quasars will transform the field by delivering accurate time delays for ~100 systems. Third, in the 2020's, LSST will deliver 1000's of time delays; the bottleneck will instead be the aquisition and analysis of high resolution imaging follow-up. Thus, the top priority for the next decade is to support fast high resolution imaging capabilities, such as those enabled by the James Webb Space Telescope and next generation adaptive optics systems on large ground based telescopes.

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