亚晕毫引力透镜效应对透镜引力波时间延迟的影响
Impact on time delays due to milli-lensing by subhalos on lensed gravitational waves
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文研究暗物质亚晕（$10^6-10^9 M_\odot$）对透镜引力波时间延迟的影响，发现NFW亚晕可造成数小时扰动，可能影响强透镜搜索，且未产生毫像。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
暗物质次结构的性质，如其质量函数和空间分布，取决于暗物质的本质，并且是对宇宙学模型的强有力检验。与发光物质一样，这些暗物质次结构会引起引力透镜效应，影响诸如时间延迟等可观测量。鉴于当前和未来引力波（GW）探测器可实现毫秒级的时间测量精度，引力透镜引力波为探测暗物质次结构提供了强有力的手段，尤其是在质量函数的下端。相比之下，光学（或电磁）观测可以提供几小时的精度，因此对质量较小的亚晕引起的偏转不敏感。在这项工作中，我们研究了现实暗物质亚晕群（$10^6-10^9 M_\odot$）对两种典型强透镜构型（即四重透镜源中星系尺度透镜产生的折叠型和尖点型）的透镜时间延迟的影响。我们发现，具有NFW密度分布的亚晕对主透镜星系产生的宏观透镜图像之间的透镜时间延迟引起了几小时的扰动。这些时间延迟“异常”，如果不加以考虑，可能会影响LIGO--Virgo--Kagra合作组织在引力波数据上进行的强透镜搜索的结果。最后，对于每个折叠型和尖点型透镜系统分析的200个实现，我们发现NFW亚晕没有产生它们自己的额外图像，即毫像。需要进行统计研究，以更好地确定对透镜引力波时间延迟和毫像（非）探测的预期影响。
英文摘要
Dark matter substructure properties such as their mass function and spatial distribution depend on the nature of dark matter and are strong tests of the cosmological model. Like luminous matter, these dark matter substructures cause gravitational lensing affecting observables such as time delays. Given the millisecond-level timing precision achievable with current and future gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, gravitationally lensed GWs provide a powerful probe of dark matter substructure, especially, at the lower end of the mass function. In contrast, the optical (or electromagnetic) observations can provide a precision of a few hours and are thus, not sensitive to deflections from the less massive subhalos. In this work, we investigate the impact of realistic population of DM subhalos ($10^6-10^9 M_\odot$) on the lensing time delays for two of the typical strong lens configurations, a fold and a cusp, seen in quadruply lensed sources for a galaxy-scale lens. We find that the subhalos with NFW density profiles cause perturbations of the order of few hours to the lensing time delays between the macro-lensed images produced by the main lensing galaxy. These time delay "anomalies", if not accounted for, may affect the results of strong lens searches conducted on the GW data by the LIGO--Virgo--Kagra collaboration. Lastly, for the 200 realisations analysed per fold and cusp lens systems, we find that the NFW subhalos produced no additional images of their own called milli-images. Statistical studies are needed to better determine the expected impact on the lensed GW time delays and (non-)detection of milli-images.
发表机构
- Department of Physics, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University（德拉·维斯瓦纳特·卡拉德麻省理工学院世界和平大学物理系）
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学间天文学和天体物理学中心）
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（卡弗里宇宙物理学与数学起源研究所（WPI），东京大学宇宙射线研究所）
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research（印度科学教育与研究机构物理系）
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