On locally graded groups with a word whose values are Engel
Pavel Shumyatsky, Antonio Tortora, Maria Tota
设m，n是正整数，v是多线性换位子字，w = v^m.证明了：若G是局部分次群，且其中所有w-值都是n-Engel，则动词子群w（G）是局部幂零的.
Let m, n be positive integers, v a multilinear commutator word and w = v^m. We prove that if G is a locally graded group in which all w-values are n-Engel, then the verbal subgroup w(G) is locally nilpotent.
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For any odd prime $p$, we give an example of a locally finite $p$-group $G$ containing a left 3-Engel element $x$ where $\langle x \rangle^G$ is not nilpotent.
On groups admitting a word whose values are Engel
设m，n是正整数，v是多线性换位子字，w = v^m.证明了：如果G是剩余有限群，且其中所有w-值都是n-Engel，则动词子群w（G）是局部幂零的.我们还研究的问题，这是否是真的情况下，G是局部分级，而不是剩余有限的。在m = 1的情况下，我们肯定地回答这个问题。进一步证明了如果u是非换位子字，G是局部分次群且u-值都是n-Engel，则动词子群u（G）是局部幂零的.
We give an infinite family of examples that generalise the construction given in arXiv:1811.12074 of a locally finite 2-group $G$ containing a left 3-Engel element $x$ where ${\langle x \rangle}^G$, the normal closure of $x$ in $G$, is not nilpotent. The construction is based on a family of Lie algebras that are of interest in their own right and make use of a classical theorem of Lucas, regarding when $\binom{m}{n}$ is even.
Let $ n, q $ be positive integers. We show that if $ G $ is a finitely generated residually finite group satisfying the identity $ [x,_ny^q]\equiv 1, $ then there exists a function $ f(n) $ such that $ G $ has a nilpotent subgroup of finite index of class at most $ f(n) $. We also extend this result to locally graded groups.
We give an affrmative answer to the question whether a residually finite Engel group satisfying an identity is locally nilpotent. More generally, for a residually finite group G with an identity, we prove that the set of right Engel elements of G is contained in the Hirsch-Plotkin radical of G. Given an arbitrary word w, we also show that the class of all groups G in which the w-values are right n-Engel and w(G) is locally nilpotent is a variety.
An Engel condition for orderable groups
设m，n是正整数，v是多线性换位子字，w=v^m.证明了：如果G是一个可序群，且其中所有w-值都是n-Engel，则动词子群v（G）是局部幂零的.我们还证明了在v=x的特殊情况下，群G是幂零的（而不仅仅是局部幂零的）。
Let $G$ be a group and let $x\in G$ be a left $3$-Engel element of order dividing $60$. Suppose furthermore that $\langle x\rangle^{G}$ has no elements of order $8$, $9$ and $25$. We show that $x$ is then contained in the locally nilpotent radical of $G$. In particular all the left $3$-Engel elements of a group of exponent $60$ are contained in the locally nilpotent radical.
In this paper we prove a group theoretic analogue of the well known local nilpotence theorem for sandwich Lie algebras due to Kostrikin and Zel'manov. We introduce the notion of a strong left 3-Engel element of a group G and show that these are always in the locally nilpotent radical of G. This generalises a previous result of Jabara and Traustason that showed that a left 3-Engel element a of a group G is in the locally nilpotent radical of G whenever a is of odd order.
On profinite groups with Engel-like conditions
设$G$是一个投射有限群，其中对于每个元素$x\in G$，存在一个自然数$q=q(x)$使得$x^q$是Engel.证明了$G$是局部虚幂零的.进一步，设$p$是素数，$G$是一个素数生成的投射有限群，其中对于每个$γ_k$ -值$x\in G$，存在一个自然的$p$ -幂$q=q(x)$，使得$x^q$是Engel.证明了$γ_k(G)$是局部虚幂零的.
We give an example of a locally nilpotent group $G$ containing a left $3$-Engel element $x$ where $\langle x\rangle^{G}$ is not nilpotent.
On varieties of groups satisfying an Engel type identity
设m，n是正整数，v是多线性换位子字，w = v^m.用v（G）和w（G）表示群G中分别对应于v和w的动词子群。本文证明了群G的w-值为n-Engel且w（G）局部幂零的类是一个簇（定理A）。进一步，我们证明了在m是素数幂的情形下，所有群G的w-值是n-Engel且v（G）有升正规列且其幂元是局部可解的或局部有限的类是一个簇（定理B）.我们研究的问题是否后者的结果仍然有效，允许m是一个任意的正整数。在这个方向上，我们证明了：如果m，n是正整数，u是多线性换位子字，v是896个u-字的乘积，则群G中v^m-值是n-Engel且动词子群u（G）有一个升正规列且其列元是局部可解的或局部有限的类是一个簇（定理C）.
On residually finite groups with Engel-like conditions
设$m,n$为正整数。设$G$是一个剩余有限群，其中对于每个元素$x \in G$，存在一个正整数$q=q(x) \leqslant m$，使得$x^q$是$n$ -Engel.证明了$G$是局部虚幂零的.进一步，设$w$是多线性交换子，$G$是剩余有限群，其中对于至多$896$ $w$ -值$x$的每个乘积，存在正整数$q=q(x)$除以$m$，使得$x^q$是$n$ -Engel。则$w(G)$是局部虚幂零的.
Let $q$ be a prime and $A$ an elementary abelian $q$-group acting as a coprime group of automorphisms on a profinite group $G$. We show that if $A$ is of order $q^2$ and some power of each element in $C_G(a)$ is Engel in $G$ for any $a\in A^{\#}$, then $G$ is locally virtually nilpotent. Assuming that $A$ is of order $q^3$ we prove that if some power of each element in $C_G(a)$ is Engel in $C_G(a)$ for any $a\in A^{\#}$, then $G$ is locally virtually nilpotent. Some analogues consequences of quantitative nature for finite groups are also obtained.
Compact groups in which commutators have finite right Engel sinks
该群论研究证明，满足k重换位子均有有限右Engel沉的紧群存在局部幂零开子群，且当右Engel沉基数不超过m时，该子群的有限指数仅由m界定。
An element $g$ of a group $G$ is said to be right Engel if for every $x\in G$ there is a number $n=n(g,x)$ such that $[g,{}_{n}x]=1$. We prove that if a profinite group $G$ admits a coprime automorphism $φ$ of prime order such that every fixed point of $φ$ is a right Engel element, then $G$ is locally nilpotent.
We say that a group $G$ is almost Engel if for every $g\in G$ there is a finite set ${\mathscr E}(g)$ such that for every $x\in G$ all sufficiently long commutators $[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$ belong to ${\mathscr E}(g)$, that is, for every $x\in G$ there is a positive integer $n(x,g)$ such that $[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]\in {\mathscr E}(g)$ if $g$ is repeated at least $n(x,g)$ times. (Thus, Engel groups are precisely the almost Engel groups for which we can choose ${\mathscr E}(g)=\{ 1\}$ for all $g\in G$.) We prove that if a compact (Hausdorff) group $G$ is almost Engel, then $G$ has a finite no…
Right 4-Engel elements of a group
证明了群$G$的右4-Engel元的集合是不含2阶、3阶或5阶元的局部幂零群$G$的子群，并且对于$G$的每个右4-Engel元$x$，正规闭包$<x>^G$是至多7类幂零的.
We say that an element $g$ of a group $G$ is almost right Engel if there is a finite set ${\mathscr R}(g)$ such that for every $x\in G$ all sufficiently long commutators $[...[[g,x],x],\dots ,x]$ belong to ${\mathscr R}(g)$, that is, for every $x\in G$ there is a positive integer $n(x,g)$ such that $[...[[g,x],x],\dots ,x]\in {\mathscr R}(g)$ if $x$ is repeated at least $n(x,g)$ times. Thus, $g$ is a right Engel element precisely when we can choose ${\mathscr R}(g)=\{ 1\}$. We prove that if all elements of a compact (Hausdorff) group $G$ are almost right Engel, then $G$ has a finite normal sub…
An Engel sink of an element $g$ of a group $G$ is a set ${\mathscr E}(g)$ such that for every $x\in G$ all sufficiently long commutators $[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$ belong to ${\mathscr E}(g)$. (Thus, $g$ is an Engel element precisely when we can choose ${\mathscr E}(g)=\{ 1\}$.) It is proved that if every element of a compact (Hausdorff) group $G$ has a countable (or finite) Engel sink, then $G$ has a finite normal subgroup $N$ such that $G/N$ is locally nilpotent. This settles a question suggested by J. S. Wilson.
Let $g$ be an element of a group $G$. For a positive integer $n$, let $E_n(g)$ be the subgroup generated by all commutators $[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$ over $x\in G$, where $g$ is repeated $n$ times. We prove that if $G$ is a profinite group such that for every $g\in G$ there is $n=n(g)$ such that $E_n(g)$ is finite, then $G$ has a finite normal subgroup $N$ such that $G/N$ is locally nilpotent. The proof uses the Wilson--Zelmanov theorem saying that Engel profinite groups are locally nilpotent. In the case of a finite group $G$, we prove that if, for some $n$, $|E_n(g)|\leq m$ for all $g\in G$,…
For an element $g$ of a group $G$, an Engel sink is a subset $\mathcal{E}(g)$ such that for every $ x\in G $ all sufficiently long commutators $ [x,g,g,\ldots,g] $ belong to $\mathcal{E}(g)$. We conjecture that if $G$ is a profinite group in which every element admits a sink that is a procyclic subgroup, then $G$ is procyclic-by-(locally nilpotent). We prove the conjecture in two cases -- when $G$ is a finite group, or a soluble pro-$p$ group.
Lie methods for countably categorical Engel groups: the Wilson conjecture for 4-Engel 5-groups
该研究运用李方法，结合计算机代数系统，证明了可数范畴的3-Engel群、4-Engel 5-群等满足Wilson猜想相关结论，还探讨了三类代数结构间幂零性结果的转移。
Let $q$ be a prime. Let $G$ be a residually finite group satisfying an identity. Suppose that for every $x \in G$ there exists a $q$-power $m=m(x)$ such that the element $x^m$ is a bounded Engel element. We prove that $G$ is locally virtually nilpotent. Further, let $d,n$ be positive integers and $w$ a non-commutator word. Assume that $G$ is a $d$-generator residually finite group in which all $w$-values are $n$-Engel. We show that the verbal subgroup $w(G)$ has $\{d,n,w\}$-bounded nilpotency class.
Nil-automorphisms of groups with residual properties
根据Plotkin，我们说群$G$的自同构$x$是一个零自同构，如果对于每个$g\in G$，存在$n=n(g)$使得$[g,_n x]=1$。如果整数$n$可以独立于$g$来选择，则称$x$是幂单的。零自同构和幂单自同构可以看作Engel元概念的自然扩张，因为零自同构$x$就是$G < x >$中的左Engel元.本文研究了具有剩余性质的群即局部分次群、剩余有限群和投射有限群的诣零自同构。我们证明的第一个结果是：局部分次群的诣零自同构的有限群必为幂零群。接下来，我们把注意力转向剩余有限群和投射有限群的幂单自同构群。我们表明，这样的群体是局部幂零的，作为一个副产品，我们获得了一个著名的威尔逊定理的替代证明关于n-恩格尔剩余有限群。
An Engel sink of an element $g$ of a group $G$ is a set ${\mathscr E}(g)$ such that for every $x\in G$ all sufficiently long commutators $[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$ belong to ${\mathscr E}(g)$. (Thus, $g$ is an Engel element precisely when we can choose ${\mathscr E}(g)=\{ 1\}$.) It is proved that if a profinite group $G$ admits an elementary abelian group of automorphisms $A$ of coprime order $q^2$ for a prime $q$ such that for each $a\in A\setminus\{1\}$ every element of the centralizer $C_G(a)$ has a countable (or finite) Engel sink, then $G$ has a finite normal subgroup $N$ such that $G/N$ i…
We complete the study of finite and profinite groups admitting an action by an elementary abelian group under which the centralizers of automorphisms consist of Engel elements. In particular, we prove the following theorems. Let $q$ be a prime and $A$ an elementary abelian $q$-group of order at least $q^2$ acting coprimely on a profinite group $G$. Assume that all elements in $C_{G}(a)$ are Engel in $G$ for each $a\in A^{\#}$. Then $G$ is locally nilpotent (Theorem B2). Let $q$ be a prime, $n$ a positive integer and $A$ an elementary abelian group of order $q^3$ acting coprimely on a finite gr…
A right Engel sink of an element $g$ of a group $G$ is a set ${\mathscr R}(g)$ such that for every $x\in G$ all sufficiently long commutators $[...[[g,x],x],\dots ,x]$ belong to ${\mathscr R}(g)$. (Thus, $g$ is a right Engel element precisely when we can choose ${\mathscr R}(g)=\{ 1\}$.) We prove that if a profinite group $G$ admits a coprime automorphism $φ$ of prime order such that every fixed point of $φ$ has a finite right Engel sink, then $G$ has an open locally nilpotent subgroup. A left Engel sink of an element $g$ of a group $G$ is a set ${\mathscr E}(g)$ such that for every $x\in G$ a…
Compact groups in which all elements have countable right Engel sinks
本文证明了若紧致群的每个元素具有可数右Engel汇，则该群存在有限正规子群使其商群局部幂零。
When right n-Engel elements of a group form a subgroup?
令$R_n(G)$表示群$G$的所有右$n$ -Engel元素的集合。证明了在任何下中心列第5项不含2阶元的群$G$中，$R_3(G)$是子群.进一步证明了$R_4(G)$是不含2、3或5阶元素的局部幂零群$G$的子群，并且在这种情况下，对于每个$x\in R_4(G)$，正规闭包$<x >^G$至多是7阶幂零群.使用一组构造的纽曼和镍，我们还表明，对于每个$n\geq 5$，存在一个幂零群类$n+2$包含一个右$n$ -恩格尔元素$x$和一个元素$a\in G$，使$[x^{-1},_n a]$和$[x^{k},_n a]$是无限的顺序为所有整数$k\geq 2$。本文的最后一个结论是：（1）对于某个正整数$k$和某个2-幂数$n$，存在一个指数为$n$的无限生成的$k$-Engel群. (2)有一个群是由许多有界左Engel元生成的，它不是Engel群。
Locally graded groups with all non-nilpotent subgroups permutable, II
本文研究局部分次群中所有非幂零子群均可置换的条件，证明该类群必为可解群，并将问题归结为周期群情形。
Non-nilpotent subgroups of locally graded groups
本文证明了一个局部分次群具有有限个非（类至多n的幂零）子群m是（类至多[log 2（n）] + m + 3可解的）-by-（有限的$\le$ m！）.还证明了有限个非幂零子群的可解群的导长至多为[log ~ 2（n）] + m + 1.
We present a complete list of groups $G$ and fields $F$ for which: (i) the group of normalized units V(FG) of the group algebra FG is locally nilpotent; (ii) the group algebra FG has a finite number of nilpotent elements and V(FG) is an Engel group.
Regularity of sets with constant horizontal normal in the Engel group
在具有Carnot群结构的Engel群中，研究了局部有限的次黎曼周长的子集和具有常次黎曼法线的子集。我们证明了这些集合的可求正性：更确切地说，我们表明，在某些特定的坐标，它们是整个Lipschitz函数的上图（相对于欧几里德距离）。然而，我们发现，当它们被写为关于法线方向的内在上图时，定义集合的函数甚至可能不连续。然而，我们可以证明，人们总是可以找到其他水平方向，使集合是函数的上图，该函数对于内在距离是Lipschitz连续的（特别是对于欧氏距离是Hölder连续的）。进一步讨论了具有常水平法线的集合类的PDE刻画。最后，我们表明，我们的整流论证延伸到第一类丝状群的情况下。
It is known that any locally graded group with finitely many derived subgroups of non-normal subgroups is finite-by-abelian. This result is generalized here, by proving that in a locally graded group $G$ the subgroup $γ_{k}(G)$ is finite if the set $\{γ_{k}(H)\;|\;H\ntriangleleft G\}$ is finite. Moreover, locally graded groups with finitely many $k$th terms of lower central series of infinite non-normal subgroups are also completely described.
In this paper we shall deal with periodic groups, in which each element has a prime power order. A group $G$ will be called a $BCP$-group if each element of $G$ has a prime power order and for each $p\in π(G)$ there exists a positive integer $u_p$ such that each $p$-element of $G$ is of order $p^i\leq p^{u_p}$. A group $G$ will be called a $BSP$-group if each element of $G$ has a prime power order and for each $p\in π(G)$ there exists a positive integer $v_p$ such that each finite $p$-subgroup of $G$ is of order $p^j\leq p^{v_p}$. Here $π(G)$ denotes the set of all primes dividing the order of…
A finiteness condition on centralizers in locally finite groups
我们考虑群G中中心化子的有限性条件，即|C_G（x）：<x>|是有限的，对于G的每个非正规循环子群<x>。对于周期群，这与|C_G（x）|是有限的，对于G的每个非正规循环子群<x>。我们给出了满足这个条件的局部有限群的完整刻画。事实证明，它们是Dedekind群的一种特殊类型的循环扩张。我们还研究了我们的条件的变化，其中有限性的要求被替换为一个界限：|C_G（x）：<x>|< n，<x>对某个固定的n.在这种情况下，我们能够将我们的分析推广到周期局部分次群类。
Locally isotropic Steinberg groups II. Schur multipliers
本文计算了局部各向同性Steinberg群及其所有根分级Steinberg群的施乌尔乘子，展示了局部各向同性Steinberg群作为抽象群的定义。
On groups with all subgroups subnormal or soluble of bounded derived length
本文研究了子群是次正规的或可解的且导长有界的局部分次群。特别是，我们证明了每一个局部（有限可解）群与此属性是可解的或一个可解群的衍生长度最多d由一个有限群，它适合之间的最小单群和它的自同构群的扩展。我们还对所有其真子群是亚阿贝尔群的有限非阿贝尔单群进行了分类。
Fundamental Groups of Disjointly Tree-Graded Spaces
研究离散树度化空间的基本群结构，通过片段基本群的自由乘积逆极限来刻画其基本群。
We give a complete answer to which homogeneous groups admit homogeneous distances for which the Besicovitch Covering Property (BCP) holds. In particular, we prove that a stratified group admits homogeneous distances for which BCP holds if and only if the group has step 1 or 2. These results are obtained as consequences of a more general study of homogeneous quasi-distances on graded groups. Namely, we prove that a positively graded group admits continuous homogeneous quasi-distances satisfying BCP if and only if any two different layers of the associated positive grading of its Lie algebra com…
A group G is a cn-group if for each subgroup H of G there exists a normal subgroup N of G such that the index of both H and N in HN is finite. The class of cn-groups contains properly the classes of core- finite groups and that of groups in which each subgroup has finite index in a normal subgroup. In the present paper it is shown that a cn-group whose periodic images are locally finite is finite-by-abelian-by-finite. Such groups are then described into some details by considering automorphisms of abelian groups. Finally, it is shown that if G is a locally graded group with the property that t…
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