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arXiv 1303.7274physics.soc-phcs.DLphysics.data-an
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学术生涯中的声誉和影响

Reputation and Impact in Academic Careers

Alexander M. Petersen, Santo Fortunato, Raj K. Pan, Kimmo Kaski, Orion Penner, Armando Rungi, Massimo Riccaboni, H. Eugene Stanley, Fabio Pammolli

摘要:

声誉是科学领域一个重要的社会结构,在缺乏完整的系统信息的情况下,它使科学家的出版物和职业生涯能够进行知情的质量评估。然而,声誉和个人的职业发展之间的关系仍然知之甚少,尽管最近扩散的定量研究评估方法。在这里,我们开发了一个原始的框架来衡量出版物的引用率$Δc$如何取决于其中心作者$i$的声誉,除了它的净引用计数$c$。为了估计声誉效应的强度,我们对450位高被引科学家的职业生涯进行了纵向分析,使用每位科学家的总引用量$C_{i}$作为他/她的声誉度量。我们发现一个引文交叉$c_{\times}$区分声誉效应的强度。对于具有$c < c_{\times}$的出版物,作者的声誉被发现占主导地位的年度引用率。因此,一个新的出版物可能会获得一个显着的早期优势,对应于大约66%的引用率增加$C_{i}$每增加10倍。然而,声誉效应对于高引用出版物变得可以忽略不计,这意味着对于$c\geq c_{\times}$,引用率更透明地衡量科学影响。此外,我们还开发了一个随机声誉模型,该模型可以重现真实职业生涯的大量统计观察,从而深入了解科学累积优势的微观机制。

英文摘要:

Reputation is an important social construct in science, which enables informed quality assessments of both publications and careers of scientists in the absence of complete systemic information. However, the relation between reputation and career growth of an individual remains poorly understood, despite recent proliferation of quantitative research evaluation methods. Here we develop an original framework for measuring how a publication's citation rate $Δc$ depends on the reputation of its central author $i$, in addition to its net citation count $c$. To estimate the strength of the reputation effect, we perform a longitudinal analysis on the careers of 450 highly-cited scientists, using the total citations $C_{i}$ of each scientist as his/her reputation measure. We find a citation crossover $c_{\times}$ which distinguishes the strength of the reputation effect. For publications with $c < c_{\times}$, the author's reputation is found to dominate the annual citation rate. Hence, a new publication may gain a significant early advantage corresponding to roughly a 66% increase in the citation rate for each tenfold increase in $C_{i}$. However, the reputation effect becomes negligible for highly cited publications meaning that for $c\geq c_{\times}$ the citation rate measures scientific impact more transparently. In addition we have developed a stochastic reputation model, which is found to reproduce numerous statistical observations for real careers, thus providing insight into the microscopic mechanisms underlying cumulative advantage in science.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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