A Case Study of Gender Bias at the Postdoctoral Level in Physics, and its Resulting Impact on the Academic Career Advancement of Females
S. Towers
备注：
Replacement adds one person to list of Acknowledgements, and clarifies that the author collaborated at Fermilab. An added paragraph clarifies the justification of the use of internal publications as a measure of productivity. It also adds a brief description of the analysis results if measures of productivity are not included in the analysis
这个典型的美国粒子物理实验的案例研究探讨了性别偏见的问题，以及它如何影响女性在博士后水平以外的物理学领域的学术职业发展前景;我们使用公共数据库来研究Run II Dzero实验中57名前博士后研究人员的整个队列的职业道路，以检查男性和女性是否在性别上被对待-盲目地进行实验。研究发现，女性研究人员的平均生产力明显高于男性同行，但根据其生产力，仅分配了会议演讲量的1/3。研究还发现，在分配会议发言的显着性别偏见似乎有显着的负面影响，对女性的学术生涯的发展。作者拥有粒子物理学博士学位，并作为博士后研究科学家工作了六年，其中五年在费米实验室合作。她目前正在攻读统计学研究生学位。
英文摘要：
This case study of a typical U.S. particle physics experiment explores the issues of gender bias and how it affects the academic career advancement prospects of women in the field of physics beyond the postdoctoral level; we use public databases to study the career paths of the full cohort of 57 former postdoctoral researchers on the Run II Dzero experiment to examine if males and females were treated in a gender-blind fashion on the experiment.
The study finds that the female researchers were on average significantly more productive compared to their male peers, yet were allocated only 1/3 the amount of conference presentations based on their productivity. The study also finds that the dramatic gender bias in allocation of conference presentations appeared to have significant negative impact on the academic career advancement of the females.
The author has a PhD in particle physics and worked for six years as a postdoctoral research scientist, five of which were spent collaborating at Fermilab. She is currently completing a graduate degree in statistics.
With this study we tried to investigate if male and female students have a different perception of scientific careers. At the end, we would like to be able to provide hints on how to intervene to correct the path that seems to naturally bring male students towards STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) and reject female students from them.
A Study of the Leaky Pipeline Phenomenon for Women in Physics Past the Postdoctoral Level, and a Critique of the AIP 2005 report on Women in Physics and Astronomy
I analyze the postdoctoral career tracks of a nearly-complete sample of astronomers from 28 United States graduate astronomy and astrophysics programs spanning 13 graduating years (N=1063). A majority of both men and women (65% and 66%, respectively) find long-term employment in astronomy or closely-related academic disciplines. No significant difference is observed in the rates at which men and women are hired into these jobs following their PhDs, or in the rates at which they leave the field. Applying a two-outcome survival analysis model to the entire data set, the relative academic hiring …
Scientific collaborations shape ideas as well as innovations and are both the substrate for, and the outcome of, academic careers. Recent studies show that gender inequality is still present in many scientific practices ranging from hiring to peer-review processes and grant applications. In this work, we investigate gender-specific differences in collaboration patterns of more than one million computer scientists over the course of 47 years. We explore how these patterns change over years and career ages and how they impact scientific success. Our results highlight that successful male and fem…
Gender shapes the relationship between productivity and journal prestige in science
Universidade Estadual de Maringá（马里兰加州立大学）；Nottingham Trent University（诺丁汉特伦特大学）；University of Maribor（马里博尔大学）；Community Healthcare Center Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor（马里博尔阿道夫·德罗尔奇博士社区健康中心）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）；Korea University（高丽大学）
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In an academic landscape where female physicists are still strongly underrepresented, underlying causes like unconscious gender bias deserve specific attention. Members of academia are often not aware of their intrinsic, hence unconscious, biases; this can have negative effects on students and staff at all career levels. At the Queen's University Belfast, I have developed and conducted a workshop on unconscious gender bias awareness at the School of Mathematics and Physics. The first installment of the workshop was attended by 63 members of the School, among them 26 academic staff (lecturer le…
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On their way to an academic career in physics, Ph.D. students have to overcome difficulties at many levels. Beyond the intellectual challenge, there are also psychological, social and economic barriers. We studied the difficulties experienced by physics Ph.D. students in the Israeli universities, with special attention to gender-related issues. Among the hurdles that are much more significant for women than for men -- that we call ``the glass hurdles" -- we find gender-related discrimination, sexual harassment, physiological and psychological health issues, and challenges related to pregnancy …
