博士后以上物理学女性人才流失现象研究及对AIP 2005年物理学和天文学女性报告的批评
A Study of the Leaky Pipeline Phenomenon for Women in Physics Past the Postdoctoral Level, and a Critique of the AIP 2005 report on Women in Physics and Astronomy
摘要：
作者最近审查了国家研究委员会（NRC）排名的“前50名”物理研究型大学的部门网页。大多数系的网页包含了他们的教师的传记数据（即：年份和博士研究所等）。在接受调查的“前50名”大学的大约1 750名教员中，大约有100名是女性，大约1 425名有简历。根据这一数据，在“前50名”大学中，女教员在助理、副助理和正式教员一级的比例分别为0.129、0.104和0.052。所观察到的分数分别为0.107、0.109、0.043。观察到的女教师总人数比预期少约15%，这种减少在统计上是显著的。不幸的是，研究发现，在教师职业阶梯的各个阶段，博士后以上的学术物理学女性的“泄漏管道”都很活跃。这一结果与美国物理研究所（AIP）2005年关于物理学和天文学中的女性的报告的结论形成鲜明对比; AIP的报告得出结论，女性实际上比男性同行更有可能被聘为教师。在本文中，我们将讨论两个关键缺陷的AIP分析，导致其错误的结论，然后详细描述了作者进行的分析，纠正这些缺陷，以获得一个准确的估计的“泄漏”的学术管道的女物理学家过去的博士后水平。
英文摘要：
The author has recently examined the departmental web pages of the `top 50' physics research universities, as ranked by the National Research Council (NRC). Most of the departmental web pages contained biographical data (ie; year and institute of PhD, etc) of their faculty members. Of the approximately 1750 faculty members at the `top 50' universities that were examined, approximately 100 were female, and around 1425 had available biographical data. Based on this data, the predicted fractions of female faculty members at the `top 50' universities are 0.129, 0.104, and 0.052 at the assistant, associate, and full faculty levels, respectively. The observed fractions are 0.107, 0.109, 0.043, respectively. The overall observed number of women faculty is about 15% less than expected, and the depletion is statistically significant. Unfortunately, the study finds that the "leaky pipeline" is found to be alive and well for women in academic physics above the postdoctoral level, at all stages of the faculty career ladder. This result is stark contrast with the conclusion of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) 2005 report on Women in Physics and Astronomy; the AIP report concludes that women are actually more likely to be hired at the faculty level than their male peers. In this paper, we will discuss the two key flaws in the AIP analysis that led to their faulty conclusion, then describe in detail the analysis performed by the author that corrects these flaws to get an accurate estimate of the `leakiness' of the academic pipeline for women physicists past the postdoctoral level.
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