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arXiv 1302.5768hep-thhep-ph
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具有磁通量的移动轨道模型

Shifted orbifold models with magnetic flux

Yukihiro Fujimoto, Tatsuo Kobayashi, Takashi Miura, Kenji Nishiwaki, Makoto Sakamoto

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32 pages, 1 figure
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摘要：

我们提出了一种机制，以获得在标准模型的物质的产生。我们从分析$T^2/Z_N$随磁通量移动的轨道折叠开始，这在环面上施加了$Z_N$对称性。我们还考虑了几个orbifold，如$(T^2\times T^2)/Z_N$，$(T^2 \times T^2 \times T^2)/(Z_N \times Z_{N'})$和$(T^2 \times T^2 \times T^2)/(Z_N \times Z_{N'} \times Z_{N"})$。在这样的轨道上，我们用两种不同的方法研究费米子的行为，一种是算符形式，另一种是明确地分析波函数。一个有趣的结果是，发现零模费米子的数目与$Z_N$对称性的$N$有关。换句话说，物质的产生与轨道的类型有关。此外，我们发现，转移轨道模型实现三代，在一般情况下，严格限制。例如，三代模型上的$M^4 \times (T^2 \times T^2)/Z_N$类型是唯一的。还可以构造其他类型的具有丰富风味结构的三代轨道模型。这些结果可能会给我们带来一个现实的模型与所需的汤川结构。

英文摘要：

We propose a mechanism to obtain the generation of matter in the standard model. We start from the analysis of the $T^2/Z_N$ shifted orbifold with magnetic flux, which imposes a $Z_N$ symmetry on torus. We also consider several orbifolds such as $(T^2\times T^2)/Z_N$, $(T^2 \times T^2 \times T^2)/(Z_N \times Z_{N'})$ and $(T^2 \times T^2 \times T^2)/(Z_N \times Z_{N'} \times Z_{N"})$. On such orbifolds, we study the behavior of fermions in two different means, one is the operator formalism and the other is to analyze wave functions explicitly. For an interesting result, it is found that the number of zero-mode fermions is related to $N$ of the $Z_N$ symmetry. In other words, the generation of matter relates to the type of orbifolds. Moreover, we find that shifted orbifold models to realize three generations are, in general, severely restricted. For example, the three-generation model on the type of $M^4 \times (T^2 \times T^2)/Z_N$ is unique. One can also construct other types of three-generation orbifold models with rich flavor structure. Those results may bring us a realistic model with desired Yukawa structure.

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