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arXiv 1302.3858astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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一颗大质量的原恒星是由致密的大质量核心有序坍缩形成的

A Massive Protostar Forming by Ordered Collapse of a Dense, Massive Core

Yichen Zhang, Jonathan C. Tan, James M. De Buizer, Goran Sandell, Maria T. Beltran, Ed Churchwell, Christopher F. McKee, Ralph Shuping, Jan E. Staff, Charles Te… 展开作者

Yichen Zhang, Jonathan C. Tan, James M. De Buizer, Goran Sandell, Maria T. Beltran, Ed Churchwell, Christopher F. McKee, Ralph Shuping, Jan E. Staff, Charles Telesco, Barbara Whitney

摘要:

我们提出了30和40微米的大质量原恒星G35.20-0.74与SOFIA-FORCAST的图像。原恒星周围出生核心的高表面密度导致高度消光,即使在这些相对较长的波长下也是如此,导致观察到的通量主要由来自近面流出腔的通量所主导。然而,来自远向腔的发射仍然被清楚地检测到。我们将这些结果与从近红外到毫米的通量相结合,以构建光谱能量分布(SED)。对于各向同性辐射,辐射热光度为3.3x10^4 Lsun。我们进行辐射转移建模的原恒星形成有序,对称崩溃从一个大规模的核心有界的团块与高质量的表面密度,西格玛_cl。为了符合SED,原恒星质量需要约20-34 Msun,取决于流出腔的开口角(35 - 50度),Sigma_cl约为0.4-1 g cm-2。在考虑了前景消光和闪光效应后,真实的辐射热光度为~(0.7-2.2)x10^5 Lsun。这些模型之一也有很好的协议与观察到的强度分布沿流出轴在10,18,31和37微米。总的来说,我们的研究结果支持一个大规模的恒星形成的模型,涉及相对有序的,对称的大规模,致密的核心和发射双极外流,清除低密度腔崩溃。因此,一个统一的模型可能适用于低质量和高质量恒星的形成。

英文摘要:

We present 30 and 40 micron imaging of the massive protostar G35.20-0.74 with SOFIA-FORCAST. The high surface density of the natal core around the protostar leads to high extinction, even at these relatively long wavelengths, causing the observed flux to be dominated by that emerging from the near-facing outflow cavity. However, emission from the far-facing cavity is still clearly detected. We combine these results with fluxes from the near-infrared to mm to construct a spectral energy distribution (SED). For isotropic emission the bolometric luminosity would be 3.3x10^4 Lsun. We perform radiative transfer modeling of a protostar forming by ordered, symmetric collapse from a massive core bounded by a clump with high mass surface density, Sigma_cl. To fit the SED requires protostellar masses ~20-34 Msun depending on the outflow cavity opening angle (35 - 50 degrees), and Sigma_cl ~ 0.4-1 g cm-2. After accounting for the foreground extinction and the flashlight effect, the true bolometric luminosity is ~ (0.7-2.2)x10^5 Lsun. One of these models also has excellent agreement with the observed intensity profiles along the outflow axis at 10, 18, 31 and 37 microns. Overall our results support a model of massive star formation involving the relatively ordered, symmetric collapse of a massive, dense core and the launching bipolar outflows that clear low density cavities. Thus a unified model may apply for the formation of both low and high mass stars.

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