Nearly half of the exoplanets found within binary star systems reside in very wide binaries with average stellar separations beyond 1,000 AU (1 AU being the Earth-Sun distance), yet the influence of such distant binary companions on planetary evolution remains largely unstudied. Unlike their tighter counterparts, the stellar orbits of wide binaries continually change under the influence of the Galactic tide and impulses from other passing stars. Here we report numerical simulations demonstrating that the variable nature of wide binary star orbits dramatically reshapes the planetary systems they host, typically Gyrs after formation. Contrary to previous understanding, wide binary companions may often strongly perturb planetary systems, triggering planetary ejections and exciting orbital eccentricities of surviving planets. Indeed, observed exoplanet eccentricities offer evidence of this; giant exoplanet orbits within wide binaries are statistically more eccentric than those around isolated stars. Both eccentricity distributions are well-reproduced when we assume isolated stars and wide binaries host similar planetary systems whose outermost giant planets are scattered beyond ~10 AU from their parent stars via early internal instabilities. Consequently, our results suggest that although wide binaries eventually truncate their planetary systems, most isolated giant exoplanet systems harbor additional distant, still undetected planets.
Necroplanetology: Simulating the Tidal Disruption of Differentiated Planetary Material Orbiting WD 1145+017
WD 1145+017系统显示出不规则的凌日特征,这与体积密度为$< 4$ g cm $^{-3}$和体积质量为$\lesssim 10^{21}$ kg的分化小行星的潮汐破裂相一致(Veras等人,2017; arXiv:1610.06926)。我们使用开源的N体代码REBOUND(Rein and Liu,2011; arXiv:1110.4876)来模拟这种具有不同内部结构的破坏:改变内核体积分数,地幔/内核密度比,以及存在/不存在薄的低密度地壳。我们允许碎石堆部分中断和捕获光变曲线在特定的点,在中断的节奏可比的地面测光。作为概念验证,我们表明,随着小行星被破坏,改变这些结构参数对过境光变曲线有观测上可区分的影响,并将模拟生成的光变曲线与Gary等人的数据进行比较,2017年(arXiv:1608.00026)。需要说明的是,我们的模拟没有详细模拟升华或解释其对轨道演化的影响,我们发现低核心分数和低地幔/核心密度比的小行星与2016年4月左右存在多周的稳定过境特征最一致(在Gary等人中称为G6121,2017(arXiv:1608.00026)和Hallakoun等人的A1,2017(arXiv:1702.05483).将潮汐扰动模拟与测光相结合,可以揭示出系外行星体的内部结构和组成特征,这些信息只有在我们观测到行星系正在死亡时才有可能。像TESS和LSST这样的全天巡天任…
Observational Signatures of Planetary Tidal Disruption Events Around Solar-Mass Stars
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María(弗雷德里克·维多利亚技术大学);University of Leicester(莱斯特大学);Universität Duisburg-Essen(杜伊斯堡-埃森大学);Southern Federal University(南方联邦大学);Universidad de Valparaíso(瓦尔帕莱索大学);Millennium Institute of Astrophysics(天体物理学千年研究所);Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家科学研究中心、天体物理与行星学研究所);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);University of Nevada, Las Vegas(内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校)
Formation of Centaurs' rings through their partial tidal disruption during planetary encounters
半人马座是在木星和海王星之间运行的小行星,它们与一个或多个巨行星有交叉轨道。最近的观测和对以前观测的重新解释揭示了10199 Chariklo和2060 Chiron周围存在环系统。然而,围绕这样一颗小行星的环系统的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里,我们提出,一个与巨行星近距离接触的差异化物体的潮汐破裂可以自然地在半人马座周围形成不同的环卫星系统。在近距离接触期间,经过物体的冰冷地幔优先被行星的潮汐力撕裂,碎片主要分布在最大残留体的洛希极限内。假设在冰冷的地幔下面存在$20-50$ wt%硅酸盐核,当天体以无穷远的相对速度$3-6$ km s $^{-1}$和8 h的初始自转周期通过行星洛希极限的$0.4-0.8$时,形成了一个粒子盘。所得环质量为中心物体质量的$0.1-10$ %。这样的粒子盘预计会径向扩散,扩散超过罗氏极限的物质将吸积到卫星中。我们的数值结果表明,环的形成将是这种极端近距离接触的自然结果,半人马座自然可以有这样的环系统,因为它们穿过巨行星的轨道。
Asteroid Disruption and Deflection Simulations for Multi-Modal Planetary Defense
University of California - Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);NASA Ames Research Center(美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心);University of New Mexico(新墨西哥大学);New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology(新墨西哥矿业理工学院);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);Sandia National Laboratories(桑迪亚国家实验室)