金星低云上的一次长时间急剧破裂
A Long-lived Sharp Disruption on the Lower Clouds of Venus
摘要：
行星尺度的波被认为在驱动金星大气层的尚无法解释的超旋转中发挥了作用。令人困惑的是，虽然开尔文波、罗斯比波和定常波出现在上层云（65- 70公里），但在下层云（48- 55公里）的中间层却没有行星尺度的波或定常模式的报道，尽管后者可能是Lee波。利用Akatsuki轨道飞行器和地面望远镜的观测，我们表明，较低的云层遵循一个有规律的周期，在30 $^{\circ}$ N-40 $^{\circ}$ S之间被一个尖锐的不连续性或中断打断，对金星的大气环流和热结构有潜在的影响。这种破坏表现出一个向西旋转的周期$\sim$ 4.9天，比这个级别的风（$\sim$ 6天周期）快，改变了云的属性和气溶胶，并在几周内保持连贯。过去的观测揭示了它至少从1983年以来的周期性，数值模拟表明，非线性开尔文波再现了它的许多性质。
英文摘要：
Planetary-scale waves are thought to play a role in powering the yet-unexplained atmospheric superrotation of Venus. Puzzlingly, while Kelvin, Rossby and stationary waves manifest at the upper clouds (65--70 km), no planetary-scale waves or stationary patterns have been reported in the intervening level of the lower clouds (48--55 km), although the latter are probably Lee waves. Using observations by the Akatsuki orbiter and ground-based telescopes, we show that the lower clouds follow a regular cycle punctuated between 30$^{\circ}$N--40$^{\circ}$S by a sharp discontinuity or disruption with potential implications to Venus's general circulation and thermal structure. This disruption exhibits a westward rotation period of $\sim$4.9 days faster than winds at this level ($\sim$6-day period), alters clouds' properties and aerosols, and remains coherent during weeks. Past observations reveal its recurrent nature since at least 1983, and numerical simulations show that a nonlinear Kelvin wave reproduces many of its properties.
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