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arXiv 1301.2179cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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SrTiO3/LaAlO3氧化物异质结构内电场的硬X射线光电子能谱和密度泛函理论研究

Hard x-ray photoemission and density functional theory study of the internal electric field in SrTiO3/LaAlO3 oxide heterostructures

E. Slooten, Zhicheng Zhong, H. J. A. Molegraaf, P. D. Eerkes, S. de Jong, F. Massee, E. van Heumen, M. K. Kruize, S. Wenderich, J. E. Kleibeuker, M. Gorgoi, H. … 展开作者

E. Slooten, Zhicheng Zhong, H. J. A. Molegraaf, P. D. Eerkes, S. de Jong, F. Massee, E. van Heumen, M. K. Kruize, S. Wenderich, J. E. Kleibeuker, M. Gorgoi, H. Hilgenkamp, A. Brinkman, M. Huijben, G. Rijnders, D. H. A. Blank, G. Koster, P. J. Kelly, M. S. Golden

摘要:

结合实验和理论研究的原型氧化物异质界面系统LaAlO 3 SrTiO 3的电子结构。高分辨率,硬X射线光电发射被用来揭示占领的Ti 3d状态和相对的能量对准-因此内部电场-内的LaAlO 3层。首先,Ti 2 p芯能级谱清楚地表明,对于LaAlO 3的两个晶胞,已经占据了Ti 3d态。其次,LaAlO 3的核心水平被认为是转移到较低的结合能的LaAlO 3覆盖层的厚度,n,增加-同意的期望从规范的电子转移模型的出现在界面处的导电性。然而,不仅n=2(绝缘界面)和n=6(金属界面)之间仅300 meV的能量偏移比简单的预期小一个数量级,而且它显然不是LaAlO 3块内一系列晶胞位移的总和。这两个事实都反对简单的电荷转移图,该图涉及LaAlO 3价带在SrTiO 3导带之上的累积位移,导致仅在n>3时发生电荷转移。转向理论数据,我们的密度泛函模拟表明,在LaAlO 3表面的氧空位在25%的水平反转的LaAlO 3的内部字段的方向。因此,将实验和理论结果结合在一起,出现了一个一致的图片,为现实生活中的样品,其中自然不等待,直到n=4,已经为n=2,机制以外的内部电场驱动的电子转移从理想化的LaAlO 3到近界面状态的SrTiO 3基板是积极的,在标题的初期极化的灾难,驱动这些系统中的物理。

英文摘要:

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the archetypal oxide heterointerface system LaAlO3 on SrTiO3 is presented. High-resolution, hard x-ray photoemission is used to uncover the occupation of Ti 3d states and the relative energetic alignment - and hence internal electric fields - within the LaAlO3 layer. Firstly, the Ti 2p core level spectra clearly show occupation of Ti 3d states already for two unit cells of LaAlO3. Secondly, the LaAlO3 core levels were seen to shift to lower binding energy as the LaAlO3 overlayer thickness, n, was increased - agreeing with the expectations from the canonical electron transfer model for the emergence of conductivity at the interface. However, not only is the energy offset of only 300meV between n=2 (insulating interface) and n=6 (metallic interface) an order of magnitude smaller than the simple expectation, but it is also clearly not the sum of a series of unit-cell by unit-cell shifts within the LaAlO3 block. Both of these facts argue against the simple charge-transfer picture involving a cumulative shift of the LaAlO3 valence bands above the SrTiO3 conduction bands, resulting in charge transfer only for n>3. Turning to the theoretical data, our density functional simulations show that the presence of oxygen vacancies at the LaAlO3 surface at the 25% level reverses the direction of the internal field in the LaAlO3. Therefore, taking the experimental and theoretical results together, a consistent picture emerges for real-life samples in which nature does not wait until n=4 and already for n=2, mechanisms other than internal-electric-field-driven electron transfer from idealized LaAlO3 to near-interfacial states in the SrTiO3 substrate are active in heading off the incipient polarization catastrophe that drives the physics in these systems.

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