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arXiv 1209.1204astro-ph.CO
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Brilliant星系团星系在等级宇宙中的演化

The evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in a hierarchical universe

Chiara Tonini, Maksym Bernyk, Darren Croton, Claudia Maraston, Daniel Thomas

摘要:

研究了布里渊星系团星系(BCGs)从红移z~1.6到z~0的演化.我们使用Croton等人(2006)的半解析模型,并基于Maraston(2005)的恒星星族和一个新的尘埃消光公式建立了一个新的分光光度模型。我们将K波段光度演化和J-K,V-I和I-K颜色演化的模型预测与一系列数据集进行了比较,包括Collins等人(Nature,2009),他们认为基于Millennium模拟的半解析模型不能再现z>1时BCGs的红色和高光度。相反,我们表明,该模型是在所观察到的光度范围内,并正确地再现了在整个红移范围内的BCGs的颜色演化z~1.6。我们认为,半解析模型的成功在很大程度上是由于一个更复杂的分光光度模型的实施。对模型BCGs的分析表明,自z~1以来,质量增加了~2倍,恒星形成活动下降到低红移。虽然关于BCGs的共识是,他们是被动的演变,我们认为,这一结论是受恒星形成历史和恒星星族模型SED拟合中使用的退化,和无效的玩具模型的被动演化捕捉真实星系的复杂性,特别是那些丰富的合并历史,如BCGs。根据这一论点,我们还表明,在半解析模型的BCG显示了一个现实的混合恒星星族,这些恒星星族大多是老的。此外,模型BCGs的年龄-红移关系遵循宇宙的关系,这意味着考虑到它们的合并历史和恒星形成历史,BCGs的年龄总是由它们的恒星星族的年龄决定。在LambdaCDM宇宙中,我们将这种进化定义为“层次意义上的被动”。

英文摘要:

We investigate the evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) from redshift z~1.6 to z~0. We use the semi-analytic model of Croton et al. (2006) with a new spectro-photometric model based on the Maraston (2005) stellar populations and a new recipe for the dust extinction. We compare the model predictions of the K-band luminosity evolution and the J-K, V-I and I-K colour evolution with a series of datasets, including Collins et al. (Nature, 2009) who argued that semi-analytic models based on the Millennium simulation cannot reproduce the red colours and high luminosity of BCGs at z>1. We show instead that the model is well in range of the observed luminosity and correctly reproduces the colour evolution of BCGs in the whole redshift range up to z~1.6. We argue that the success of the semi-analytic model is in large part due to the implementation of a more sophisticated spectro-photometric model. An analysis of the model BCGs shows an increase in mass by a factor ~2 since z~1, and star formation activity down to low redshifts. While the consensus regarding BCGs is that they are passively evolving, we argue that this conclusion is affected by the degeneracy between star formation history and stellar population models used in SED-fitting, and by the inefficacy of toy-models of passive evolution to capture the complexity of real galaxies, expecially those with rich merger histories like BCGs. Following this argument, we also show that in the semi-analytic model the BCGs show a realistic mix of stellar populations, and that these stellar populations are mostly old. In addition, the age-redshift relation of the model BCGs follows that of the universe, meaning that given their merger history and star formation history, the ageing of BCGs is always dominated by the ageing of their stellar populations. In a LambdaCDM universe, we define such evolution as "passive in the hierarchical sense".

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