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arXiv 0910.4582astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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从局部星系性质推断宇宙星暴历史的一种新经验方法

A New Empirical Method to Infer the Starburst History of the Universe from Local Galaxy Properties

Philip F. Hopkins, Lars Hernquist

摘要:

膨胀的中心是在短时间内通过气体流入耗散形成的:恒星形成的“星爆”模式(SF)。最近的工作表明,详细的观测可以用来分离这些“爆发遗迹”成分的恒星质量分布在本地系统。再加上一些Kennicutt-Schmidt定律成立的假设,以及爆发确实是一个耗散气体丰富的事件,我们表明,所观察到的配置文件可以被倒置,以获得时间和空间相关的SF历史的每个突发。执行这一大样本的研究球状体,我们表明,隐含的爆发规模的大小,质量,峰值SFR,和空间范围与星系质量在简单的方式,并提供适合这些相关性。爆发质量约为球状体总质量的10%;时间尺度与质量无关,约为10^8年; SFR峰值约为M_burst/t_burst;它们以幂律方式衰减,约为t^-2.4。大小约为0.1 R_e(球状体),但随时间增长。结合这些系统的核恒星星族年龄(即爆发时间)的测量,有可能重建爆发对所有红移的SFR和IR光度函数分布的贡献。在z=0-2的最亮光度下,爆发LF与观测到的IR LF吻合得很好。在低L下,爆发总是不重要的;从z~0处的ULIRG光度到z~2处的HyLIRG光度,它们的重要性逐渐增加。在所有红移下,爆发只占总SFR密度的一小部分(约5-10%)。我们讨论了大质量系统中最大遗迹恒星质量密度之间的紧张关系可能产生的影响,以及最亮的亚毫米星系的估计数量。

英文摘要:

The centers of bulges are formed dissipationally via gas inflows over short timescales: the 'starburst' mode of star formation (SF). Recent work has shown that detailed observations can be used to separate the stellar mass profile of these 'burst relic' components in local systems. Together with the assumption that some Kennicutt-Schmidt law holds, and that the burst was indeed a dissipational gas-rich event, we show that the observed profiles can be inverted to obtain the time and space-dependent SF history of each burst. Performing this with a large sample of well-studied spheroids, we show that the implied bursts scale in magnitude, mass, peak SFR, and spatial extent with galaxy mass in simple manner, and provide fits to these correlations. Burst masses are ~10% the total spheroid mass; timescales a mass-independent ~10^8 yr; peak SFR ~M_burst/t_burst; and they decay in power-law fashion ~t^-2.4. Sizes are ~0.1 R_e(spheroid), but grow with time. Combined with measurements of the nuclear stellar population ages of these systems (i.e. burst times), it is possible to re-construct the burst contribution to the distribution of SFRs and IR luminosity functions at all redshifts. The burst LF agrees well with observed IR LFs at the brightest luminosities, at z=0-2. At low-L, bursts are always unimportant; the transition to their importance increases from ULIRG luminosities at z~0 to HyLIRG luminosities at z~2. At all redshifts, bursts are a small fraction (~5-10%) of the total SFR density. We discuss possible implications of tension between maximum relic stellar mass densities in massive systems, and estimated number counts of brightest sub-millimeter galaxies.

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