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arXiv 1207.4253gr-qc
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Kerr黑洞的准正规模谱及其几何解释

Quasinormal-mode spectrum of Kerr black holes and its geometric interpretation

Huan Yang, David A. Nichols, Fan Zhang, Aaron Zimmerman, Zhongyang Zhang, Yanbei Chen

摘要:

在史瓦西黑洞的高频QNM和存在于光环上的零测地线之间有一个众所周知的、直观的几何对应关系:模式频率的实部与测地线的轨道频率相关,频率的虚部与轨道的李雅普诺夫指数相关。对于缓慢旋转的黑洞,QNM实频率是轨道的岁差和轨道频率的线性组合,但对应关系是不变的。在本文中,我们发现了任意自旋Kerr黑洞的QNM频率与一般球形光子轨道之间的关系,这类似于缓慢旋转的黑洞的关系。为了得到这个结果,我们首先使用WKB近似来计算大1 QNM频率的精确代数表达式。将我们的WKB计算与克尔时空中标量波传播的首阶几何光学近似进行比较,然后我们得出了QNM参数的实部与球形光子轨道守恒量之间的对应关系。在下一个领先的顺序在这个比较中,我们将虚部的QNM参数的系数,修改标量波的振幅。通过这种对应,我们找到了克尔黑洞QNM谱的两个特征的几何解释:第一,对于接近最大速率旋转的克尔黑洞,大量的模式几乎为零阻尼;我们将这一特征与大量的球形光子轨道在此极限下接近视界的事实联系起来。其次,对于任何自旋的黑洞,特定模式的频率是简并的;我们发现,当对应于这些模式的球形光子轨道形成闭合(而不是遍历弯曲)曲线时,就会出现这种特征。

英文摘要:

There is a well-known, intuitive geometric correspondence between high-frequency QNMs of Schwarzschild black holes and null geodesics that reside on the light-ring : the real part of the mode's frequency relates to the geodesic's orbital frequency, and the imaginary part of the frequency corresponds to the Lyapunov exponent of the orbit. For slowly rotating black holes, the QNM real frequency is a linear combination of a the orbit's precessional and orbital frequencies, but the correspondence is otherwise unchanged. In this paper, we find a relationship between the QNM frequencies of Kerr black holes of arbitrary (astrophysical) spins and general spherical photon orbits, which is analogous to the relationship for slowly rotating holes. To derive this result, we first use the WKB approximation to compute accurate algebraic expressions for large-l QNM frequencies. Comparing our WKB calculation to the leading-order, geometric-optics approximation to scalar-wave propagation in the Kerr spacetime, we then draw a correspondence between the real parts of the parameters of a QNM and the conserved quantities of spherical photon orbits. At next-to-leading order in this comparison, we relate the imaginary parts of the QNM parameters to coefficients that modify the amplitude of the scalar wave. With this correspondence, we find a geometric interpretation to two features of the QNM spectrum of Kerr black holes: First, for Kerr holes rotating near the maximal rate, a large number of modes have nearly zero damping; we connect this characteristic to the fact that a large number of spherical photon orbits approach the horizon in this limit. Second, for black holes of any spins, the frequencies of specific sets of modes are degenerate; we find that this feature arises when the spherical photon orbits corresponding to these modes form closed (as opposed to ergodically winding) curves.

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