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arXiv 1207.0889math.GTmath.DG
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链接和莫尔斯情结

Linking and the Morse complex

Michael Usher

摘要:

对于紧致定向流形M上的Morse函数f,证明了f的临界点数大于Morse不等式所要求的临界点数当且仅当M中存在一类链环,其分支具有非平凡的环绕数,使得f在其中一个分支上的极小值大于它在另一个分支上的最大值.事实上,我们的特点的精确数量的临界点的f的贝蒂数的M和行为的f相对于链接。在紧致流形的情形下,这可以被看作是拉比诺维茨鞍点定理的一个改进。我们的方法,部分灵感来自于技术的链级辛Floer理论,涉及关联到集合的链M代数运算的莫尔斯复杂的f,从而产生之间的关系的环绕数的同调平凡(伪)周期M和代数连接配对的莫尔斯复杂。

英文摘要:

For a Morse function f on a compact oriented manifold M, we show that f has more critical points than the number required by the Morse inequalities if and only if there exists a certain class of link in M whose components have nontrivial linking number, such that the minimal value of f on one of the components is larger than its maximal value on the other. Indeed we characterize the precise number of critical points of f in terms of the Betti numbers of M and the behavior of f with respect to links. This can be viewed as a refinement, in the case of compact manifolds, of the Rabinowitz Saddle Point Theorem. Our approach, inspired in part by techniques of chain-level symplectic Floer theory, involves associating to collections of chains in M algebraic operations on the Morse complex of f, which yields relationships between the linking numbers of homologically trivial (pseudo)cycles in M and an algebraic linking pairing on the Morse complex.

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