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arXiv 1206.6909quant-phphysics.chem-phphysics.comp-phphysics.data-an
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利用分步拉取协议证明开放量子系统中的Jarzynski等式

Demonstration of Jarzynski's Equality in Open Quantum Systems Using a Step-Wise Pulling Protocol

Van A. Ngo, Stephan Haas

摘要:

我们提出了一个概括的Jarzynski的平等,适用于量子系统,有关离散机械功和自由能的变化。该理论是基于一个逐步拉协议。我们发现,工作分布函数可以构造从波动的反应坐标沿反应路径中的逐步拉动协议。我们还提出了两套方程,以确定两种可能的最佳途径,提供最显着的贡献,自由能的变化。我们发现,沿这些最佳途径的过渡,满足两组方程,遵循细致平衡的原则。然后,我们测试的理论明确计算的自由能变化的一维量子谐振子。这种方法提供了一种可行的方法来测量涨落,以在多体系统(如玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体)中实验检验Jarzynski等式。

英文摘要:

We present a generalization of Jarzynski's Equality, applicable to quantum systems, relating discretized mechanical work and free-energy changes. The theory is based on a step-wise pulling protocol. We find that work distribution functions can be constructed from fluctuations of a reaction coordinate along a reaction pathway in the step-wise pulling protocol. We also propose two sets of equations to determine the two possible optimal pathways that provide the most significant contributions to free-energy changes. We find that the transitions along these most optimal pathways, satisfying both sets of equations, follow the principle of detailed balance. We then test the theory by explicitly computing the free-energy changes for a one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator. This approach suggests a feasible way of measuring the fluctuations to experimentally test Jarzynski's Equality in many-body systems, such as Bose-Einstein condensates.

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