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arXiv 1206.4048astro-ph.EP
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国际深空行星巡天I。A星周围宽轨道大质量行星的频率

The International Deep Planet Survey I. The frequency of wide-orbit massive planets around A-stars

A. Vigan, J. Patience, C. Marois, M. Bonavita, R. J. De Rosa, B. Macintosh, I. Song, R. Doyon, B. Zuckerman, D. Lafrenière, T. Barman

摘要:

对围绕A型恒星运行的行星伴星的突破性直接探测证实了在相对较大的距离上存在大质量行星,但需要专门的调查来估计类似行星系的频率。为了测量在A星周围大轨道间隔的巨大系外行星系统频率的第一次估计,我们对年轻(8- 4亿年),附近(19-84 pc)的A星和F星进行了深成像调查,以寻找10-300 AU范围内的亚恒星同伴。42颗恒星的样本结合了文献中报道的先前AO行星搜索调查中观察到的所有A星,以及VLT/NaCo和Gemini/NIRI的新AO观测。它代表了国际深行星巡天(IDPS)恒星样本的初始子集,涵盖M-到B-星。这些数据是通过H和KS波段的衍射极限观测结合角微分成像来获得的,以抑制中心恒星的斑点噪声,从而产生典型的5-sigma检测极限,其星等差为1”处12 mag,2”处14 mag和5”处16 mag,足以检测大质量行星。使用蒙特卡罗模拟对调查结果进行了详细的统计分析。考虑到行星探测,我们估计在5.9-18.8%的置信度下,在5-320 AU范围内至少有一颗大质量行星(3-14 MJup)的A星比例在5.9-18.8%之内,假设行星质量的平坦分布。相比之下,在5-320 AU范围内,样本的褐矮星(15-75 MJup)频率为2.0-8.9%,置信度为68%。假设行星人口的质量和半长轴呈幂律分布,AO数据与轨道半径增加的大质量行星数量下降一致,这与从进化A星周围的径向速度(RV)调查推断的上升斜率不同。

英文摘要:

Breakthrough direct detections of planetary companions orbiting A-type stars confirm the existence of massive planets at relatively large separations, but dedicated surveys are required to estimate the frequency of similar planetary systems. To measure the first estimation of the giant exoplanetary systems frequency at large orbital separation around A-stars, we have conducted a deep-imaging survey of young (8-400 Myr), nearby (19-84 pc) A- and F-stars to search for substellar companions in the 10-300 AU range. The sample of 42 stars combines all A-stars observed in previous AO planet search surveys reported in the literature with new AO observations from VLT/NaCo and Gemini/NIRI. It represents an initial subset of the International Deep Planet Survey (IDPS) sample of stars covering M- to B-stars. The data were obtained with diffraction-limited observations in H- and Ks-band combined with angular differential imaging to suppress the speckle noise of the central stars, resulting in typical 5-sigma detection limits in magnitude difference of 12 mag at 1", 14 mag at 2" and 16 mag at 5" which is sufficient to detect massive planets. A detailed statistical analysis of the survey results is performed using Monte Carlo simulations. Considering the planet detections, we estimate the fraction of A-stars having at least one massive planet (3-14 MJup) in the range 5-320 AU to be inside 5.9-18.8% at 68% confidence, assuming a flat distribution for the mass of the planets. By comparison, the brown dwarf (15-75 MJup) frequency for the sample is 2.0-8.9% at 68% confidence in the range 5-320 AU. Assuming power law distributions for the mass and semimajor axis of the planet population, the AO data are consistent with a declining number of massive planets with increasing orbital radius which is distinct from the rising slope inferred from radial velocity (RV) surveys around evolved A-stars.

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