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arXiv 1111.3561quant-ph
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Spekkens玩具模型的语境扩展

A contextual extension of Spekkens' toy model

Jan-Åke Larsson

摘要:

量子系统表现出情境性。更确切地说,不可能使用非上下文实在论模型来重现量子力学预测,即,一种模型,其中一个测量的结果独立于在测量上下文中执行的兼容测量的选择。已经有几次尝试量化特定量子系统的上下文性的量,例如,在KS证明中所需的射线的数量,或某些不等式中的项的数量,或违规,噪声敏感性和其他措施。本文是关于另一种方法:使用一个简单的上下文模型,再现量子力学的上下文行为,但不一定是所有的量子预测。然后,与没有上下文的类似模型相比,上下文的数量可以量化为所需的额外资源。在这种情况下,上下文模型需要跟踪所使用的上下文,因此适当的度量应该是内存。另一种看待这一点的方式是,将其视为能够在现实主义模型中再现量子上下文的内存要求。我们将使用的模型可以被看作是Spekkens的玩具模型[Phys.Rev.A75,032110(2007)]的扩展,并且详细研究了这种关系。为了重现Peres-Mermin平方的量子预测,除了对应的非上下文模型中用于单个结果的内存之外,内存需求还不止一位。

英文摘要:

Quantum systems show contextuality. More precisely, it is impossible to reproduce the quantum-mechanical predictions using a non-contextual realist model, i.e., a model where the outcome of one measurement is independent of the choice of compatible measurements performed in the measurement context. There has been several attempts to quantify the amount of contextuality for specific quantum systems, for example, in the number of rays needed in a KS proof, or the number of terms in certain inequalities, or in the violation, noise sensitivity, and other measures. This paper is about another approach: to use a simple contextual model that reproduces the quantum-mechanical contextual behaviour, but not necessarily all quantum predictions. The amount of contextuality can then be quantified in terms of additional resources needed as compared with a similar model without contextuality. In this case the contextual model needs to keep track of the context used, so the appropriate measure would be memory. Another way to view this is as a memory requirement to be able to reproduce quantum contextuality in a realist model. The model we will use can be viewed as an extension of Spekkens' toy model [Phys. Rev. A 75, 032110 (2007)], and the relation is studied in some detail. To reproduce the quantum predictions for the Peres-Mermin square, the memory requirement is more than one bit in addition to the memory used for the individual outcomes in the corresponding noncontextual model.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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