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arXiv 1111.1532astro-ph.CO
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局域宇宙中棒状星系的多波长特性:哈勃序列的环境和演化

Multi-Wavelength Properties of Barred Galaxies in the Local Universe: Environment and evolution across the Hubble sequence

Lea Giordano, Kim-Vy H. Tran, Ben Moore, Amelie Saintonge

摘要:

我们调查可能的环境和形态的趋势,在$z\sim0$酒吧部分使用两个精心挑选的样品代表的低密度环境(孤立的星系从AMIGA样本)和密集的环境(在室女座星系团的星系)。星系的恒星质量范围从$10^8$到$10^{12}$ M $_{\odot}$,并使用高分辨率近红外(H波段)成像和光学\texttt{rgb}图像进行视觉分类。我们发现,在盘状星系的酒吧分数是独立的环境表明,酒吧的形成可能发生之前的星系团的形成。早型螺线($Sa-Sb$)中的棒分数为$\sim$ 50%,是晚型螺线($Sbc-Sm$)的两倍。早期型螺旋中较高的杆分数可能是由于它们的凸起的显著部分是通过杆的屈曲不稳定性形成的伪凸起。也就是说,哈勃序列的很大一部分是由于长期的过程,使盘状星系从晚期移动到早期类型。有一个暗示,更高的酒吧分数与更高的恒星质量,这可能是由于酒吧的不稳定性的敏感性,作为重子分数增加晕较大的质量。总体而言,$S0$人口有一个较低的酒吧比$Sa-Sb$星系和他们的酒吧分数下降显着减少恒星质量。这支持了$S0s$是通过进入星系团环境的盘状星系的转变而形成的观点。引力骚扰使恒星盘变厚,消除了螺旋图案,最终消除了酒吧-这一过程在较低的星系质量中更有效。

英文摘要:

We investigate possible environmental and morphological trends in the $z\sim0$ bar fraction using two carefully selected samples representative of a low-density environment (the isolated galaxies from the AMIGA sample) and of a dense environment (galaxies in the Virgo cluster). Galaxies span a stellar mass range from $10^8$ to $10^{12}$M$_{\odot}$ and are visually classified using both high-resolution NIR (H-band) imaging and optical \texttt{rgb} images. We find that the bar fraction in disk galaxies is independent of environment suggesting that bar formation may occur prior to the formation of galaxy clusters. The bar fraction in early type spirals ($Sa-Sb$) is $\sim$50%, which is twice as high as the late type spirals ($Sbc-Sm$). The higher bar fraction in early type spirals may be due to the fact that a significant fraction of their bulges are pseudo-bulges which form via the buckling instability of a bar. i.e. a large part of the Hubble sequence is due to secular processes which move disc galaxies from late to early types. There is a hint of a higher bar fraction with higher stellar masses which may be due to the susceptibility to bar instabilities as the baryon fractions increase in halos of larger masses. Overall, the $S0$ population has a lower bar fraction than the $Sa-Sb$ galaxies and their barred fraction drops significantly with decreasing stellar mass. This supports the notion that $S0s$ form via the transformation of disk galaxies that enter the cluster environment. The gravitational harassment thickens the stellar disks, wiping out spiral patterns and eventually erasing the bar - a process that is more effective at lower galaxy masses.

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