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arXiv 1105.5797astro-ph.CO
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棒星系中低质量经典球的自旋上升

Spin-up of low mass classical bulges in barred galaxies

Kanak Saha, Inma Martinez-Valpuesta, Ortwin Gerhard

摘要:

长期演化是星系沿哈勃序列演化的重要途径之一。不仅磁盘经历形态和运动学的变化,而且一个预先存在的经典的凸起可能会动态地改变主要由酒吧驱动的长期过程。我们研究了一个不断增长的酒吧的动力学演化的低质量的经典凸起,如可能存在于像银河系的星系。使用自洽高分辨率{\it N}体模拟,我们研究了如何一个初始各向同性非旋转的小经典凸起吸收角动量发出的酒吧。这种角动量交换的基本机制是通过共振,并且相当一部分角动量通过拉格朗日点(-1:1)和ILR(2:1)轨道。在快速的动力学增长阶段,逆行的非共振轨道也吸收了大量的角动量。由于这种角动量的增加,最初不旋转的经典凸起转变为快速旋转,径向各向异性和三轴物体,嵌入在由盘形成的类似快速旋转的方形凸起中。在演化的末期,经典的凸起发展成圆柱形旋转。到那时,它的内部区域拥有一个“经典的膨胀棒”,其独特的运动学可以作为星系长期演化的直接观测证据。这些结果的一些影响进行了简要讨论。

英文摘要:

Secular evolution is one of the key routes through which galaxies evolve along the Hubble sequence. Not only the disk undergoes morphological and kinematic changes, but also a preexisting classical bulge may be dynamically changed by the secular processes driven primarily by the bar. We study the influence of a growing bar on the dynamical evolution of a low mass classical bulge such as might be present in galaxies like the Milky Way. Using self-consistent high resolution {\it N}-body simulations, we study how an initially isotropic non-rotating small classical bulge absorbs angular momentum emitted by the bar. The basic mechanism of this angular momentum exchange is through resonances and a considerable fraction of the angular momentum is channeled through Lagrange point (-1:1) and ILR (2:1) orbits. In the phase of rapid dynamical growth, also retrograde non-resonant orbits absorb significant angular momentum. As a result of this angular momentum gain, the initially non-rotating classical bulge transforms into a fast rotating, radially anisotropic and triaxial object, embedded in the similarly fast rotating boxy bulge formed from the disk. Towards the end of the evolution, the classical bulge develops cylindrical rotation. By that time, its inner regions host a "classical bulge-bar" whose distinct kinematics could serve as direct observational evidence for the secular evolution in the galaxy. Some implications of these results are discussed briefly.

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