There are many different crossed products by an endomorphism of a C*-algebra, and constructions by Exel and Stacey have proved particularly useful. Here we show that every Exel crossed product is isomorphic to a Stacey crossed product, though by a different endomorphism of a different C*-algebra. We apply this result to a variety of Exel systems, including those associated to shifts on the path spaces of directed graphs.
There are many different crossed products by an endomorphism of a C*-algebra, and constructions by Exel and Stacey have proved particularly useful. Here we show that every Exel crossed product is isomorphic to a Stacey crossed product (though by a different endomorphism of a different C*-algebra), that every Stacey crossed product is an Exel crossed product, and answer some questions raised by Ionescu and Muhly. While this manuscript is not yet in its final form(s) several people have already used our results, so we are posting it now.
We describe simplicity of the Stacey crossed product A\times_β\N in terms of conditions of the endomorphism β. Then, we use a characterization of the graph C*-algebras C*(E) as the Stacey crossed product C*(E)^γ\times_{β_E}\N to study its ideal properties, in terms of the (non-classical) C*-dynamical system (C*(E)^γ, β_E). Finally, we give sufficient conditions for the Stacey crossed product A\times_β\N being a purely infinite simple C*-algebra.
We consider a family of dynamical systems (A,alpha,L) in which alpha is an endomorphism of a C*-algebra A and L is a transfer operator for α. We extend Exel's construction of a crossed product to cover non-unital algebras A, and show that the C*-algebra of a locally finite graph can be realised as one of these crossed products. When A is commutative, we find criteria for the simplicity of the crossed product, and analyse the ideal structure of the crossed product.
We consider Exel's new construction of a crossed product of a C*-algebra A by an endomorphism α. We prove that this crossed product is universal for an appropriate family of covariant representations, and we show that it can be realised as a relative Cuntz-Pimsner algbera. We describe a necessary and sufficient condition for the canonical map from A into the crossed product to be injective, and present several examples to demonstrate the scope of this result. We also prove a gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem for the crossed product.
Larsen has recently extended Exel's construction of crossed products from single endomorphisms to abelian semigroups of endomorphisms, and here we study two families of her crossed products. First, we look at the natural action of the multiplicative semigroup $\mathbb{N}^\times$ on a compact abelian group $Γ$, and the induced action on $C(Γ)$. We prove a uniqueness theorem for the crossed product, and we find a class of connected compact abelian groups $Γ$ for which the crossed product is purely infinite simple. Second, we consider some natural actions of the additive semigroup $\mathbb{N}^2$ …
We use the boundary-path space of a finitely-aligned k-graph Λto construct a compactly-aligned product system X, and we show that the graph algebra C^*(Λ) is isomorphic to the Cuntz-Nica-Pimsner algebra NO(X). In this setting, we introduce the notion of a crossed product by a semigroup of partial endomorphisms and partially-defined transfer operators by defining it to be NO(X). We then compare this crossed product with other definitions in the literature.
Given a dynamical system $(A,\al)$ where $A$ is a unital $\ca$-algebra and $\al$ is a (possibly non-unital) *-endomorphism of $A$, we examine families $(π,\{T_i\})$ such that $π$ is a representation of $A$, $\{T_i\}$ is a Toeplitz-Cuntz family and a covariance relation holds. We compute a variety of non-selfadjoint operator algebras that depend on the choice of the covariance relation, along with the smallest $\ca$-algebra they generate, namely the $\ca$-envelope. We then relate each occurrence of the $\ca$-envelope to (a full corner of) an appropriate twisted crossed product. We provide a cou…
We introduce crossed products of a $C^*$-algebra $A$ by a completely positive map $\varrho:A\to A$ relative to an ideal in $A$. They generalize various crossed products by endomorphisms when $\varrho$ is multiplicative. When $A$ is commutative they include $C^*$-algebras associated to Markov operators by Ionescu, Muhly, Vega, and to topological relations by Brenken, but in general they are not modeled by topological quivers popularized by Muhly and Tomforde. We show that Exel's crossed product $A\rtimes_{α,L} \mathbb{N}$, generalized to the case where $A$ is not necessarily unital, is the cros…
An integer matrix $A\in M_d(\Z)$ induces a covering $σ_A$ of $\T^d$ and an endomorphism $α_A:f\mapsto f\circ σ_A$ of $C(\T^d)$ for which there is a natural transfer operator $L$. In this paper, we compute the KMS states on the Exel crossed product $C(\T^d)\rtimes_{α_A,L}\N$ and its Toeplitz extension. We find that $C(\T^d)\rtimes_{α_A,L}\N$ has a unique KMS state, which has inverse temperature $β=\log|\det A|$. Its Toeplitz extension, on the other hand, exhibits a phase transition at $β=\log|\det A|$, and for larger $β$ the simplex of KMS$_β$ states is isomorphic to the simplex of probability …
For dynamical systems defined by a covering map of a compact Hausdorff space and the corresponding transfer operator, the associated crossed product $C^*$-algebras $\cros$ introduced by Exel and Vershik are considered. An important property for homeomorphism dynamical systems is topological freeness. It can be extended in a natural way to in general non-invertible dynamical systems generated by covering maps. In this article, it is shown that the following four properties are equivalent: the dynamical system generated by a covering map is topologically free; the canonical imbedding of $C(X)$ i…
The paper presents a construction of the crossed product of a C*-algebra by a commutative semigroup of bounded positive linear maps generated by partial isometries. In particular, it generalizes Antonevich, Bakhtin, Lebedev's crossed product by an endomorphism, and is related to Exel's interactions. One of the main goals is the Isomorphism Theorem established in the case of actions by endomorphisms.
We propose a generalisation of Exel's crossed product by a single endomorphism and a transfer operator to the case of actions of abelian semigroups of endomorphisms and associated transfer operators. The motivating example for our definition yields new crossed products, not obviously covered by familiar theory. Our technical machinery builds on Fowler's theory of Toeplitz and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of discrete product systems of Hilbert bimodules, which we need to expand to cover a natural notion of relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of product systems.
We use a characterization of the graph C*-algebras C*(E) as the Stacey crossed product C*(E)^γ\times_{β_E} N, to study its ideal properties in terms of the (non-classical) C*-dynamical system (C*(E)^γ, β_E)
In this paper we define a Rokhlin property for automorphisms of non-unital C*-algebras and for endomorphisms. We show that the crossed product of a C*-algebra by a Rokhlin automorphism preserves absorption of a strongly self-absorbing C*-algebra, and use this result to deduce that the same result holds for crossed products by endomorphisms in the sense of Stacey. This generalizes earlier results of the second named author and W. Winter.
In this paper we extend the constructions of Boava and Exel to present the C*-algebra associated with an injective endomorphism of a group with finite cokernel as a partial group algebra and consequently as a partial crossed product. With this representation we present another way to study such C*-algebras, only using tools from partial crossed products.
We prove a version of uniqueness theorem for Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of discrete product systems over semigroups of Ore type. To this end, we introduce Doplicher-Roberts picture of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, and the semigroup dual to a product system of 'regular' C*-correspondences. Under a certain aperiodicity condition on the latter, we obtain the uniqueness theorem and a simplicity criterion for the algebras in question. These results generalize the corresponding ones for crossed products by discrete groups, due to Archbold and Spielberg, and for Exel's crossed products, due to Exel and Vershik…
In this work we present a new definition to the Partial Crossed Product by actions of inverse semigroups in a C^*-algebra, without using the covariant representations as Sieben did in [5]. Also we present an isomorphism between the partial crossed products by partial actions of a group G and the partial crossed product by actions of S(G), an inverse semigroup associated to G introduced by Exel in [2].
We study simplicity and pure infiniteness criteria for C*-algebras associated to inverse semigroup actions by Hilbert bimodules and to Fell bundles over etale not necessarily Hausdorff groupoids. Inspired by recent work of Exel and Pitts, we introduce essential crossed products for which there are such criteria. In our approach the major role is played by a generalised expectation with values in the local multiplier algebra. We give a long list of equivalent conditions characterising when the essential and reduced C*-algebras coincide. Our most general simplicity and pure infiniteness criteria…
We present a different way to study the C*-algebra associated with an injective endomorphism of a group G of infinite cokernel. We follow the work of Boava and Exel to construct a partial crossed product representation of that C*-algebra and show properties only using such tools.
We study the Toeplitz algebra $\TT(\N\rtimes\N^\times)$ and three quotients of this algebra: the $C^*$-algebra $\qn$ recntly introduced by Cuntz, and two new ones, which we call the additive and multiplicative boundary quotients. These quotients are universal for Nica-covariant representations of $\N\rtimes\N^\times$ satisfying extra relations, and can be realised as partial crossed products. We use the structure theory for partial crossed products to prove a uniqueness theorem for the additive boundary quotient, and use the recent analysis of KMS states on $\TT(\nxnx)$ to describe the KMS sta…
Using the strong relation between coactions of a discrete group G on C*-algebras and Fell bundles over G, we prove a new version of Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem for coactions of discrete groups. Our imprimitivity theorem works for the universally defined full crossed products and arbitrary subgroups of G, as opposed to the usual theory which uses the spatially defined reduced crossed products and normal subgroups of G. Moreover, our theorem factors through the usual one by passing to appropriate quotients. As applications we show that a Fell bundle over a discrete group is amenable in the…
We consider an extendible endomorphism $α$ of a $C^*$-algebra $A$. We associate to it a canonical $C^*$-dynamical system $(B,β)$ that extends $(A,α)$ and is `reversible' in the sense that the endomorphism $β$ admits a unique regular transfer operator $β_*$. The theory for $(B,β)$ is analogous to the theory of classic crossed products by automorphisms, and the key idea is to describe the counterparts of classic notions for $(B,β)$ in terms of the initial system $(A,α)$. We apply this idea to study the ideal structure of a non-unital version of the crossed product $C^*(A,α,J)$ introduced recentl…
In this article, we use Exel's construction to associate a C*-algebra to every shift space. We show that it has the C*-algebra defined in [Carlsen and Matsumoto: Some remarks on the C*-algebras associated with subshifts] as a quotient, and possesses properties indicating that it can be thought of as the universal C*-algebra associated to a shift space. We also consider its representations, relationship to other C*-algebras associated to shift spaces, show that it can be viewed as a generalization of the universal Cuntz-Krieger algebra, discuss uniqueness and a faithful representation, provide …
We provide a Cuntz-Pimsner model for graph of groups $C^*$-algebras. This allows us to compute the $K$-theory of a range of examples and show that graph of groups $C^*$-algebras can be realised as Exel-Pardo algebras. We also make a preliminary investigation of whether the crossed product algebra of Baumslag-Solitar groups acting on the boundary of certain trees satisfies Poincaré duality in $KK$-theory. By constructing a $K$-theory duality class we compute the $K$-homology of these crossed products.
We study partial actions of exact discrete groups on C*-algebras. We show that the partial crossed product of a commutative C*-algebra by an exact discrete group is nuclear whenever the full and reduced partial crossed products coincide. This generalises a result by Matsumura in the context of global actions. In general, we prove that a partial action of an exact discrete group on a C*-algebra $A$ has Exel's approximation property if and only if the full and reduced partial crossed products associated to the diagonal partial action on $A\otimes_{\max} A^\mathrm{op}$ coincide. We apply our resu…
Given a group cocycle on a finitely aligned left cancellative small category (LCSC) we investigate the associated skew product category and its Cuntz-Krieger algebra, which we describe as the crossed product of the Cuntz-Krieger algebra of the original category by an induced coaction of the group. We use our results to study Cuntz-Krieger algebras arising from free actions of groups on finitely aligned LCSC's, and to construct coactions of groups on Exel-Pardo algebras. Finally we discuss the universal group of a small category and connectedness of skew product categories.
It is shown that a C*-algebra generated by any faithful covariant representation of a Hilbert bimodule X is canonically isomorphic to the crossed product associated to X provided that Rieffel's induced representation functor X-ind is topologically free. It is discussed how this result could be applied to universal C*-algebras generated by relations with a circle gauge action. In particular, it leads to generalizations of isomorphism theorems for various crossed products, and is shown to be equivalent to Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem for finite graph C*-algebras (on that occasion an intrigui…
We consider Exel's interaction $(V,H)$ over a unital $C^*$-algebra $A$, such that $V(A)$ and $H(A)$ are hereditary subalgebras of $A$. For the associated crossed product, we obtain a uniqueness theorem, ideal lattice description, simplicity criterion and a version of Pimsner-Voiculescu exact sequence. These results cover the case of crossed products by endomorphisms with hereditary ranges and complementary kernels. As model examples of interactions not coming from endomorphisms we introduce and study in detail interactions arising from finite graphs. The interaction $(V,H)$ associated to a gra…
We investigate structural properties of the reduced cross-sectional algebra $C^*_r(\mathcal{B})$ of a Fell bundle $\mathcal{B}$ over a discrete group $G$. Conditions allowing one to determine the ideal structure of $C^*_r(\mathcal{B})$ are studied. Notions of aperiodicity, paradoxicality and $\mathcal{B}$-infiniteness for the Fell bundle $\mathcal{B}$ are introduced and investigated by themselves and in relation to the partial dynamical system dual to $\mathcal{B}$. Several criteria of pure infiniteness of $C^*_r(\mathcal{B})$ are given. It is shown that they generalize and unify corresponding…
Let $P$ be a unital subsemigroup of a group $G$. We propose an approach to $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras associated to product systems over $P$. We call the $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra of a given product system $\mathcal{E}$ its covariance algebra and denote it by $A\times_{\mathcal{E}}P$, where $A$ is the coefficient $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra. We prove that our construction does not depend on the embedding $P\hookrightarrow G$ and that a representation of $A\times_{\mathcal{E}}P$ is faithful on the fixed-point algebra for the canonical coaction of $G$ if and only if it is faithful on $A$. We compare this w…
We review Kajiwara and Watatani's construction of a C*-algebra from an iterated function system (IFS). If the IFS satisfies the finite branch condition or the open set condition, we build an injective homomorphism from Kajiwara-Watatani algebras to the Cuntz algebra, which can be thought as the algebra of the lifted system, and we give the description of its image. Finally, if the IFS admits a left inverse we show that the Kajiwara-Watatani algebra is isomorphic to an Exel's crossed product.
Given an inverse semigroup $S$ endowed with a partial action on a topological space $X$, we construct a groupoid of germs $S\ltimes X$ in a manner similar to Exel's groupoid of germs, and similarly a partial action of $S$ on an algebra $A$ induces a crossed product $A\rtimes S$. We then prove, in the setting of partial actions, that if $X$ is locally compact Hausdorff and zero-dimensional, then the Steinberg algebra of the groupoid of germs $S\ltimes X$ is isomorphic to the crossed product $A_R(X)\rtimes S$, where $A_R(X)$ is the Steinberg algebra of $X$. We also prove that the converse holds,…
We describe KMS and ground states arising from a generalized gauge action on ultragraph C*-algebras. We focus on ultragraphs that satisfy Condition~(RFUM), so that we can use the partial crossed product description of ultragraph C*-algebras recently described by the second author and Danilo Royer. In particular, for ultragraphs with no sinks, we generalize a recent result by Toke Carlsen and Nadia Larsen: Given a time evolution on the C*-algebra of an ultragraph, induced by a function on the edge set, we characterize the KMS states in five different ways and ground states in four different way…
The dynamics of a one-sided subshift $\mathsf{X}$ can be modeled by a set of partially defined bijections. From this data we define an inverse semigroup $\mathcal{S}_{\mathsf{X}}$ and show that it has many interesting properties. We prove that the Carlsen-Matsumoto C*-algebra $\mathcal{O}_\mathsf{X}$ associated to $\mathsf{X}$ is canonically isomorphic to Exel's tight C*-algebra of $\mathcal{S}_{\mathsf{X}}$. As one consequence, we obtain that $\mathcal{O}_\mathsf{X}$ can be written as a partial crossed product of a commutative C*-algebra by a countable group.
