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arXiv 1109.2162cs.CC
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帝国着色问题的复杂性

The Complexity of the Empire Colouring Problem

Andrew R. A. McGrae, Michele Zito

摘要:

我们调查的帝国着色问题(定义珀西希伍德在1890年)的地图包含帝国形成的确切$r > 1$国家的计算复杂性。我们证明了这个问题可以在多项式时间内解决,使用$s$颜色的地图,其基础邻接图没有诱导子图的平均度大于$s/r$。然而,如果是$s \geq 3$,即使图是任意长度的路径森林(对于任何$r \geq 2$,只要$s < 2r - \sqrt(2r + 1/4+ 3/2)$。此外,我们得到了一个完整的表征的情况下,当输入图是一棵树,而我们的结果为任意平面图的问题的复杂性下降只是短的一个类似的二分法。具体来说,我们证明了帝国着色问题是NP难的树,任何$r \geq 2$,如果$3 \leq s \leq 2r-1$(多项式时间可解,否则)。对于任意平面图,证明了若$s<7$对$r=2$,$s < 6r-3$对$r \geq 3$,则为NP-困难图.平面图的结果也证明了厚度为2的小于7色图和厚度为$r \geq 3$的小于$6r-3$色图着色的NP-困难性。

英文摘要:

We investigate the computational complexity of the empire colouring problem (as defined by Percy Heawood in 1890) for maps containing empires formed by exactly $r > 1$ countries each. We prove that the problem can be solved in polynomial time using $s$ colours on maps whose underlying adjacency graph has no induced subgraph of average degree larger than $s/r$. However, if $s \geq 3$, the problem is NP-hard even if the graph is a forest of paths of arbitrary lengths (for any $r \geq 2$, provided $s < 2r - \sqrt(2r + 1/4+ 3/2)$. Furthermore we obtain a complete characterization of the problem's complexity for the case when the input graph is a tree, whereas our result for arbitrary planar graphs fall just short of a similar dichotomy. Specifically, we prove that the empire colouring problem is NP-hard for trees, for any $r \geq 2$, if $3 \leq s \leq 2r-1$ (and polynomial time solvable otherwise). For arbitrary planar graphs we prove NP-hardness if $s<7$ for $r=2$, and $s < 6r-3$, for $r \geq 3$. The result for planar graphs also proves the NP-hardness of colouring with less than 7 colours graphs of thickness two and less than $6r-3$ colours graphs of thickness $r \geq 3$.

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