Ian Melbourne, Dalia Terhesiu
We give a unified treatment of decay of correlations for nonuniformly expanding systems with a good inducing scheme. In addition to being more elementary than previous treatments, our results hold for general integrable return time functions under fairly mild conditions on the inducing scheme.
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For a large class of nonuniformly expanding maps of $\Bbb R^m$, with indifferent fixed points and unbounded distorsion and non necessarily Markovian, we construct an absolutely continuous invariant measure. We extend to our case techniques previously used for expanding maps on quasi-Hölder spaces. We give general conditions and provide examples to which apply our result.
We estimate the speed of decay of correlations for general nonuniformly expanding dynamical systems, using estimates on the time the system takes to become really expanding. Our method can deal with fast decays, such as exponential or stretched exponential. We prove in particular that the correlations of the Alves-Viana map decay in $O(e^{-c \sqrt{n}})$.
Using a sifting-shadowing combination, we prove in this paper that an arbitrary $\mathrm{C}^1$-class local diffeomorphism $f$ of a closed manifold $M^n$ is uniformly expanding on the closure $\mathrm{Cl}_{M^n}(\mathrm{Per}(f))$ of its periodic point set $\mathrm{Per}(f)$, if it is nonuniformly expanding on $\mathrm{Per}(f)$.
For a certain parametrized family of maps on the circle with critical points and logarithmic singularities where derivatives blow up to infinity, we construct a positive measure set of parameters corresponding to maps which exhibit nonuniformly expanding behavior. This implies the existence of "chaotic" dynamics in dissipative homoclinic tangles in periodically perturbed differential equations.
We give sufficient conditions for the uniform hyperbolicity of certain nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems. In particular, we show that local diffeomorphisms that are nonuniformly expanding on sets of total probability are necessarily uniformly expanding. We also present a version of this result for diffeomorphisms with nonuniformly hyperbolic sets.
For a certain parametrized family of maps on the circle, with critical points and logarithmic singularities where derivatives blow up to infinity, a positive measure set of parameters was constructed in [19], corresponding to maps which exhibit nonuniformly hyperbolic behavior. For these parameters, we prove the existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures with good statistical properties, such as exponential decay of correlations. Combining our construction with the logarithmic nature of the singularities, we obtain a positive variance in Central Limit Theorem, for any nonconstant Hö…
We use an Ulam-type discretization scheme to provide pointwise approximations for invariant densities of interval maps with a neutral fixed point. We prove that the approximate invariant density converges pointwise to the true density at a rate $C^*\cdot\frac{\ln m}{m}$, where $C^*$ is a computable fixed constant and $m^{-1}$ is the mesh size of the discretization.
Schmidt's Game and Nonuniformly Expanding Interval Maps
研究Manneville-Pomeau映射，证明前向轨道避开左端点为0的区间的点集在Schmidt博弈中强获胜，该集具有稠密性、满Hausdorff维数和可数交性质。
The transfer operator corresponding to a uniformly expanding map enjoys good spectral properties. Here it is verified that coupling yields explicit estimates that depend continuously on the expansion and distortion constants of the map. For nonuniformly expanding maps with a uniformly expanding induced map, we obtain explicit estimates for mixing rates (exponential, stretched exponential, polynomial) that again depend continuously on the constants for the induced map together with data associated to the inducing time. Finally, for nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations, we obtain the correspo…
Horseshoes for a class of nonuniformly expanding random dynamical systems on the circle
本文为一维随机动力系统引入随机马蹄概念，并证明在加性噪声足够大且李雅普诺夫指数为正时，一类圆周自同态中随机马蹄大量存在，其诱导动力学可实现两个符号上的全移位。
Given a rational map of the Riemann sphere and a subset $A$ of its Julia set, we study the $A$-exceptional set, that is, the set of points whose orbit does not accumulate at $A$. We prove that if the topological entropy of $A$ is less than the topological entropy of the full system then the $A$-exceptional set has full topological entropy. Furthermore, if the Hausdorff dimension of $A$ is smaller than the dynamical dimension of the system then the Hausdorff dimension of the $A$-exceptional set is larger than or equal to the dynamical dimension, with equality in the particular case when the dyn…
Mostly nonuniformly sectional expanding systems
本文提出几乎非均匀横截扩张系统概念，展示了一个非均匀横截超几何集的例子，该集满足MNUSE但不满足横截超几何或渐近横截性，并给出了高共维非均匀横截扩张吸引子的构造。
Mixing properties of a class of nonuniformly expanding maps. Application to H{ö}lderian invariance principles
本文研究返回时间仅具有p>1阶弱矩的非一致扩张映射的混合性质，并由此建立Hölder连续观测量部分和过程的Hölder不变原理，进而将结果推广到间歇映射及BV观测量。
This is a significantly expanded version of the survey paper "Mixing and decay of correlations in non-uniformly expanding maps: a survey of recent results" math/0301319. We discuss recent results on decay of correlations for non-uniformly expanding maps. Throughout the discussion, we address the question of why different dynamical systems have different rates of decay of correlations and how this may reflect underlying geometrical characteristics of the system. We also give detailed sketches of some results such as the existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures for Markov expanding …
Gouezel and Sarig introduced operator renewal theory as a method to prove sharp results on polynomial decay of correlations for certain classes of nonuniformly expanding maps. In this paper, we apply the method to planar dispersing billiards and multidimensional nonMarkovian intermittent maps.
Let $T \colon M \to M$ be a nonuniformly expanding dynamical system, such as logistic or intermittent map. Let $v \colon M \to \mathbb{R}^d$ be an observable and $v_n = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} v \circ T^k$ denote the Birkhoff sums. Given a probability measure $μ$ on $M$, we consider $v_n$ as a discrete time random process on the probability space $(M, μ)$. In smooth ergodic theory there are various natural choices of $μ$, such as the Lebesgue measure, or the absolutely continuous $T$-invariant measure. They give rise to different random processes. We investigate relation between such processes. We sh…
We study decay of correlations, the asymptotic distribution of hitting times and fluctuations of the return times for a robust class of multidimensional non-uniformly hyperbolic transformations. Oliveira and Viana [15] proved that there is a unique equilibrium state for a large class of non- uniformly expanding transformations and Holder continuous potentials with small variation. For an open class of potentials with small variation, we prove quasi-compactness of the Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius operator in a space $V_θ$ of functions with essential bounded variation that strictly contain Holder con…
We consider deterministic homogenization (convergence to a stochastic differential equation) for multiscale systems of the form \[ x_{k+1} = x_k + n^{-1} a_n(x_k,y_k) + n^{-1/2} b_n(x_k,y_k), \quad y_{k+1} = T_n y_k, \] where the fast dynamics is given by a family $T_n$ of nonuniformly expanding maps. Part 1 builds on our recent work on martingale approximations for families of nonuniformly expanding maps. We prove an iterated weak invariance principle and establish optimal iterated moment bounds for such maps. (The iterated moment bounds are new even for a fixed nonuniformly expanding map T.)…
We prove results on mixing and mixing rates for toral extensions of nonuniformly expanding maps with subexponential decay of correlations. Both the finite and infinite measure settings are considered. Under a Dolgopyat-type condition on nonexistence of approximate eigenfunctions, we prove that existing results for (possibly nonMarkovian) nonuniformly expanding maps hold also for their toral extensions.
Wasserstein convergence rates in the invariance principle for nonuniformly hyperbolic flows
本文针对非一致双曲流，利用鞅-上边缘分解将离散时间方法推广到连续时间，得到了不变原理中q-Wasserstein收敛速率，并应用于Axiom A流、Young塔悬挂流及间歇螺线管流。
We give a review of results on superpolynomial decay of correlations, and polynomial decay of correlations for nonuniformly expanding semiflows and nonuniformly hyperbolic flows. A self-contained proof is given for semiflows. Results for flows are stated without proof (the proofs are contained in separate joint work with Balint and Butterley). Applications include intermittent solenoidal flows, suspended Henon attractors, Lorenz attractors, and various Lorentz gas models including the infinite horizon Lorentz gas.
We prove the almost sure invariance principle with rate $o(n^{\varepsilon})$ for every $\varepsilon > 0$ for Hölder continuous observables on nonuniformly expanding and nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations with exponential tails. Examples include Gibbs-Markov maps with big images, Axiom A diffeomorphisms, dispersing billiards and a class of logistic and Hénon maps. The best previously proved rate is $O(n^{1/4} (\log n)^{1/2} (\log \log n)^{1/4})$. As a part of our method, we show that nonuniformly expanding transformations are factors of Markov shifts with simple structure and natural metri…
In the present paper, we study the distribution of the return points in the fibers for a RDS (random dynamical systems) nonuniformly expanding preserving an ergodic probability, we also show the abundance of nonlacunarity of hyperbolic times that are obtained along the orbits through the fibers. We conclude that any ergodic measure with positive Lyapunov exponents satisfies the nonuniform specification property between fibers. As consequences, we prove that any expanding measure is the limit of probability measure whose measures of disintegration on the fibers are supported by a finite number …
We give conditions under which nonuniformly expanding maps exhibit lower bounds of polynomial type for the decay of correlations and for a large class of observables. We show that if the Lasota-Yorke type inequality for the transfer operator of a first return map are satisfied in a Banach space B, and the absolutely continuous invariant measure obtained is weak mixing, in terms of aperiodicity, then under some renewal condition, the maps have polynomial decay of correlations for observables in B. We also provide some general conditions that give aperiodicity for expanding maps in higher dimens…
We study the number of visits to balls B_r(x), up to time t/mu(B_r(x)), for a class of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems, where mu is the SRB measure. Outside a set of `bad' centers x, we prove that this number is approximately Poissonnian with a controlled error term. In particular, when r-->0, we get convergence to the Poisson law for a set of centers of mu-measure one. Our theorem applies for instance to the Hénon attractor and, more generally, to systems modelled by a Young tower whose return-time function has a exponential tail and with one-dimensional unstable manifolds. Along t…
Improved polynomial rates of memory loss for nonstationary intermittent dynamical systems
本文研究非平稳间歇动力系统，在首返回时间尾部多项式衰减非一致的条件下，证明了尖锐的多项式记忆损失速率，并应用于Pomeau–Manneville型间歇映射及无界导数间歇映射的随机遍历复合。
We obtain large and moderate deviation estimates, as well as concentration inequalities, for a class of nonuniformly expanding maps with stretched exponential decay of correlations. In the large deviation regime, we also exhibit examples showing that the obtained upper bounds are essentially optimal.
In this article, we study the decay rates of the correlation functions for a hyperbolic system $T: M \to M$ with singularities that preserves a unique mixing SRB measure $μ$. We prove that, under some general assumptions, the correlations $ C_{n}(f,g)$ decay exponentially as $n\to \infty$ for each pair of piecewise Hölder observables $f, g\in L^p(μ)$ and for each $p>1$. As an application, we prove that the autocorrelations of the first return time functions decay exponentially for the induced maps of various billiard systems, which include the semi-dispersing billiards on a rectangle, billiard…
We study a large class of suspension semiflows which contains the Lorenz semiflows. This is a class with low regularity (merely C^{1+α}) and where the return map is discontinuous and the return time is unbounded. We establish the functional analytic framework which is typically employed to study rates of mixing. The Laplace transform of the correlation function is shown to admit a meromorphic extension to a strip about he imaginary axis. As part of this argument we give a new result concerning the quasi-compactness of weighted transfer operators for piecewise C^{1+α} expanding interval maps.
We construct inducing schemes for general multi-dimensional piecewise expanding maps where the base transformation is Gibbs-Markov and the return times have exponential tails. Such structures are a crucial tool in proving statistical properties of dynamical systems with some hyperbolicity.
Return Times Distribution of Expanding Maps
本文研究扩张映射中零测度集合的命中时间极限统计，证明在簇大小分布极限存在且满足衰减与正则性条件下，其服从复合泊松分布，将单点结果推广至零测度集合。
In this paper we study the distribution of hitting and return times for observations of dynamical systems. We apply this results to get an exponential law for the distribution of hitting and return times for rapidly mixing random dynamical systems. In particular, it allows us to obtain an exponential law for random expanding maps, random circle maps expanding in average and randomly perturbed dynamical systems.
We consider non-uniformly expanding maps on compact Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension, possibly having discontinuities and/or critical sets, and show that under some general conditions they admit an induced Markov tower structure for which the decay of the return time function can be controlled in terms of the time generic points need to achieve some uniform expanding behavior. As a consequence we obtain some rates for the decay of correlations of those maps and conditions for the validity of the Central Limit Theorem.
For non-uniformly expanding maps inducing with a general return time to Gibbs Markov maps, we provide sufficient conditions for obtaining higher order asymptotics for the correlation function in the infinite measure setting. Along the way, we show that these conditions are sufficient to recover previous results on sharp mixing rates in the finite measure setting for non-Markov maps, but for a larger class of observables. The results are illustrated by (finite and infinite measure preserving) non-Markov intervals maps with an indifferent fixed point.
We present results on the broadband nature of the power spectrum $S(ω)$, $ω\in(0,2π)$, for a large class of nonuniformly expanding maps with summable and nonsummable decay of correlations. In particular, we consider a class of intermittent maps $f:[0,1]\to[0,1]$ with $f(x)\approx x^{1+γ}$ for $x\approx 0$, where $γ\in(0,1)$. Such maps have summable decay of correlations when $γ\in(0,\frac12)$, and $S(ω)$ extends to a continuous function on $[0,2π]$ by the classical Wiener-Khintchine Theorem. We show that $S(ω)$ is typically bounded away from zero for Hölder observables. Moreover, in the nonsum…
We consider a partially hyperbolic set $K$ on a Riemannian manifold $M$ whose tangent space splits as $T_K M=E^{cu}\oplus E^{s}$, for which the centre-unstable direction $E^{cu}$ expands non-uniformly on some local unstable disk. We show that under these assumptions $f$ induces a Gibbs-Markov structure. Moreover, the decay of the return time function can be controlled in terms of the time typical points need to achieve some uniform expanding behavior in the centre-unstable direction. As an application of the main result we obtain certain rates for decay of correlations, large deviations, an al…
We prove that for conformal expanding maps the return time does have constant multifractal spectrum. This is the counterpart of the result by Feng and Wu in the symbolic setting.
We obtain a exponential large deviation upper bound for continuous observables on suspension semiflows over a non-uniformly expanding base transformation with non-flat singularities or criticalities, where the roof function defining the suspension behaves like the logarithm of the distance to the singular/critical set of the base map. That is, given a continuous function we consider its space average with respect to a physical measure and compare this with the time averages along orbits of the semiflow, showing that the Lebesgue measure of the set of points whose time averages stay away from t…
We prove a new result in the area of hitting time statistics. Currently, there is a lot of papers showing that the first entry times into cylinders or balls are often faster than the Birkhoff's Ergodic Theorem would suggest. We provide an opposite counterpart to these results by proving that the hitting times into shrinking balls are also often much larger than these theorems would suggest, by showing that for many dynamical systems $$ \displaystyle \limsup_{r\to 0} τ_{B(y,r)}(x)μ(B(y,r))=+\infty, $$ for an appropriately large, at least of full measure, set of points $y$ and $x$. We first do t…
We deal with the problem of asymptotic distribution of first return times to shrinking balls under iteration generated by a large general class of dynamical systems called weakly Markov. Our ultimate main result is that these distributions converge to the exponential law when the balls shrink to points. We apply this result to many classes of smooth dynamical systems that include conformal iterated function systems, rational functions on the Riemann sphere $\widehat{\mathbb C}$, and transcendental meromorphic functions on the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$. We also apply them to expanding repeller…
We study returns in dynamical systems: when a set of points, initially populating a prescribed region, swarms around phase space according to a deterministic rule of motion, we say that the return of the set occurs at the earliest moment when one of these points comes back to the original region. We describe the statistical distribution of these "first--return times" in various settings: when phase space is composed of sequences of symbols from a finite alphabet (with application for instance to biological problems) and when phase space is a one and a two-dimensional manifold. Specifically, we…
We prove that the distributional limit of the normalised number of returns to small neighbourhoods of periodic points of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems is compound Poisson. The returns to small balls around a fixed point in the phase space correspond to the occurrence of rare events, or exceedances of high thresholds, so that there is a connection between the laws of Return Times Statistics and Extreme Value Laws. The fact that the fixed point in the phase space is a repelling periodic point implies that there is a tendency for the exceedances to appear in clusters whose average si…
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