In this work we study the global approximate multiplicative controllability for the linear degenerate parabolic Cauchy-Neumann problem $$ \{{array}{l} \displaystyle{v_t-(a(x) v_x)_x =α(t,x)v\,\,\qquad {in} \qquad Q_T \,=\,(0,T)\times(-1,1)} [2.5ex] \displaystyle{a(x)v_x(t,x)|_{x=\pm 1} = 0\,\,\qquad\qquad\qquad\,\, t\in (0,T)} [2.5ex] \displaystyle{v(0,x)=v_0 (x) \,\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad\,\, x\in (-1,1)}, {array}. $$ with the bilinear control $α(t,x)\in L^\infty (Q_T).$ The problem is strongly degenerate in the sense that $a\in C^1([-1,1]),$ positive on $(-1,1),$ is allowed to vanish at $\pm 1$ provided that a certain integrability condition is fulfilled. We will show that the above system can be steered in $L^2(Ω)$ from any nonzero, nonnegative initial state into any neighborhood of any desirable nonnegative target-state by bilinear static controls. Moreover, we extend the above result relaxing the sign constraint on $v_0$.
A weak spectral condition for the controllability of the bilinear Schrödinger equation with application to the control of a rotating planar molecule
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)（法国国家科学研究中心）；CMAP, École Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院 CMAP）；INRIA, Centre de Recherche Saclay, Team GECO（法国国家信息与自动化研究所 萨克雷研究中心 GECO团队）；INRIA, Centre de Recherche Nancy - Grand Est, Team CORIDA（法国国家信息与自动化研究所 南锡-大东部研究中心 CORIDA团队）；Institut Élie Cartan, UMR 7502 Nancy-Université/CNRS（埃利·嘉当研究所）
We consider a system of an arbitrary number of \textsc{1d} linear Schrödinger equations on a bounded interval with bilinear control. We prove global exact controllability in large time of these $N$ equations with a single control. This result is valid for an arbitrary potential with generic assumptions on the dipole moment of the considered particle. Thus, even in the case of a single particle, this result extends the available literature. The proof combines local exact controllability around finite sums of eigenstates, proved with Coron's return method, a global approximate controllability pr…
In this paper, we study the global approximate multiplicative controllability for nonlinear degenerate parabolic Cauchy-Neumann problems. First, we will obtain embedding results for weighted Sobolev spaces, that have proved decisive in reaching well-posedness for nonlinear degenerate problems. Then, we show that the above systems can be steered in $L^2$ from any nonzero, nonnegative initial state into any neighborhood of any desirable nonnegative target-state by bilinear piecewise static controls. Moreover, we extend the above result relaxing the sign constraint on the initial date.
In this paper we prove that the Ball-Marsden-Slemrod controllability obstruction also holds for nonlinear equations, with integrable bilinear controls. We first show an abstract result and then we apply it to nonlinear wave equations. The first application to the Sine-Gordon equation directly follows from the abstract result, and the second application concerns the cubic wave/Klein-Gordon equation and needs some additional work.
Partial differential equation on networks have been widely investigated in the last decades in view of their application to quantum mechanics (Schrödinger type equations) or to the analysis of flexible structures (wave type equations). Nevertheless, very few results are available for diffusive models despite an increasing demand arising from life sciences such as neurobiology. This paper analyzes the controllability properties of the heat equation on a compact network under the action of a single input bilinear control. By adapting a recent method due to [F.~Alabau-Boussouira, P.~Cannarsa and …
In this paper we present a null controllability result for a degenerate semilinear parabolic equation with first order terms. The main result is obtained after the proof of a new Carleman inequality for a degenerate linear parabolic equation with first order terms.
In a separable Hilbert space $X$, we study the linear evolution equation \begin{equation*} u'(t)+Au(t)+p(t)Bu(t)=0, \end{equation*} where $A$ is an accretive self-adjoint linear operator, $B$ is a bounded linear operator on $X$, and $p\in L^2_{loc}(0,+\infty)$ is a bilinear control. We give sufficient conditions in order for the above control system to be locally controllable to the ground state solution, that is, the solution of the free equation ($p\equiv0$) starting from the ground state of $A$. We also derive global controllability results in large time and discuss applications to paraboli…
In [15] we proposed a set of sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of a discrete-spectrum bilinear Schrödinger equation. These conditions are expressed in terms of the controlled potential and of the eigenpairs of the uncontrolled Schrödinger operator. The aim of this paper is to show that these conditions are generic with respect to the uncontrolled and the controlled potential, denoted respectively by $V$ and $W$. More precisely, we prove that the Schrödinger equation is approximately controllable generically with respect to $W$ when $V$ is fixed and also generically with…
In this paper, we analyze the null controllability property for a degenerate parabolic equation involving memory terms with a locally distributed control. We first derive a null controllability result for a nonhomogeneous degenerate heat equation via new Carleman estimates with weighted time functions that do not blow up at t= 0. Then this result is successfully used with a classical fixed point to obtain null controllability for the initial memory system.
In a separable Hilbert space $X$, we study the controlled evolution equation \begin{equation*} u'(t)+Au(t)+p(t)Bu(t)=0, \end{equation*} where $A\geq-σI$ ($σ\geq0$) is a self-adjoint linear operator, $B$ is a bounded linear operator on $X$, and $p\in L^2_{loc}(0,+\infty)$ is a bilinear control. We give sufficient conditions in order for the above nonlinear control system to be locally controllable to the $j$th eigensolution for any $j\geq1$. We also derive semi-global controllability results in large time and discuss applications to parabolic equations in low space dimension. Our method is cons…
In the discrete setting of one-dimensional finite-differences we prove a Carleman estimate for a semi-discretization of the parabolic operator $\partial_t-\partial_x (c\partial_x)$ where the diffusion coefficient $c$ has a jump. As a consequence of this Carleman estimate, we deduce consistent null-controllability results for classes of semi-linear parabolic equations.
We prove null controllability for linear and semilinear heat equations with dynamic boundary conditions of surface diffusion type. The results are based on a new Carleman estimate for this type of boundary conditions.
We consider a linear Schrödinger equation, on a bounded interval, with bilinear control, that represents a quantum particle in an electric field (the control). We prove the controllability of this system, in any positive time, locally around the ground state. Similar results were proved for particular models (by the first author and with J.M. Coron), in non optimal spaces, in long time and the proof relied on the Nash-Moser implicit function theorem in order to deal with an a priori loss of regularity. In this article, the model is more general, the spaces are optimal, there is no restriction …
We consider a system of two parabolic equations with a forcing term present in one equation and a cubic coupling term in the other one. We prove that the system is locally null controllable.
In this work, we consider the bilinear Schrödinger equation $i\partial_tψ=-Δψ+u(t)Bψ$ in the Hilbert space $L^2(\mathcal{G},\mathbb{C})$ with $\mathcal{G}$ an infinite graph. The Laplacian $-Δ$ is equipped with self-adjoint boundary conditions, $B$ is a bounded symmetric operator and $u\in L^2((0,T),\mathbb{R})$ with $T>0$. We study the well-posedness in suitable subspaces of $D(|Δ|^{3/2})$ preserved by the dynamics despite the dispersive behaviour of the equation. In such spaces, we study the global exact controllability and the {\virgolette{energetic controllability}}. We provide examples in…
In this work, we study the controllability of the bilinear Schrödinger equation on infinite graphs for periodic quantum states. We consider the bilinear Schrödinger equation $i\partial_tψ=-Δψ+u(t)Bψ$ in the Hilbert space $L^2_p$ composed by functions defined on an infinite graph $\mathscr{G}$ verifying periodic boundary conditions on the infinite edges. The Laplacian $-Δ$ is equipped with specific boundary conditions, $B$ is a bounded symmetric operator and $u\in L^2((0,T),\mathbb{R})$ with $T>0$. We present the well-posedness of the system in suitable subspaces of $D(|Δ|^{3/2})$ . In such spa…
We consider the 1D linear Schr{ö}dinger equation, on a bounded interval, with Dirichlet boundary conditions and bilinear scalar control. The small-time local exact controllability around the ground state was proved in [BeaLau10], under an appropriate nondegeneracy assumption. Here, we work under a weaker nondegeneracy assumption and we prove the small-time local exact controllability in projection, around the ground state, with estimates on the control (depending linearly on the target) simultaneously in several spaces. These estimates are obtained at the level of the linearized system, thanks…
Let us consider a nonlinear degenerate reaction-diffusion equation with application to climate science. After proving that the solution remains nonnegative at any time, when the initial state is nonnegative, we prove the approximate controllability between nonnegative states at any time via multiplicative controls, that is, using as control the reaction coefficient.
In this paper, we prove a Carleman estimate for fully-discrete approximations of parabolic operators in which the discrete parameters $h$ and $\triangle t$ are connected to the large Carleman parameter. We use this estimate to obtain relaxed observability inequalities which yield, by duality, controllability results for fully-discrete linear and semilinear parabolic equations.
We show Carleman estimates, observability inequalities and null controllability results for parabolic equations with non smooth coefficients degenerating at an interior point.
The aim of this paper is to perform a Stackelberg strategy to control parabolic equations. We have one control, \textit{the leader}, that is responsible for a null controllability property; additionally, we have a control \textit{the follower} that solves a robust control objective. That means, that we seek for a saddle point of a cost functional. In this way, the follower control is not sensitive to a broad class of external disturbances. As far as we know, the idea of combining robustness with a Stackelberg strategy is new in literature
We consider a fully-discrete approximations of 1-D heat equation with dynamic boundary conditions for which we provide a controllability result. The proof of this result is based on a relaxed observability inequality for the corresponding adjoint system. This is done by using a suitable Carleman estimate for such models where the discrete parameters $h$ and $Δt$ are connected to the one of the large Carleman parameters.
In this paper, we consider forward stochastic nonlinear parabolic equations, with a control localized in the drift term. Under suitable assumptions, we prove the small-time global null-controllability, with a truncated nonlinearity. We also prove the statistical local null-controllability of the true system. The proof relies on a precise estimation of the cost of null-controllability of the stochastic heat equation and on an adaptation of the source term method to the stochastic setting. The main difficulty comes from the estimation of the nonlinearity in the fixed point argument due to the la…
This paper deals with the analysis of the internal control with constraint of positive kind of a parabolic PDE with nonlinear diffusion when the time horizon is large enough. The minimal controllability time will be strictly positive. We prove a global steady state constrained controllability result for a quasilinear parabolic with nonlinearity in the diffusion term. Then, under suitable dissipative assumption in the system and local controllability results, we conclude the result to any initial datum and any target trajectory.
In this paper, we consider a parabolic PDE on a torus of arbitrary dimension. The nonlinear term is a smooth function of polynomial growth of any degree. In this general setting, the corresponding Cauchy problem is not necessarily well posed. We show that the equation in question is approximately controllable by only a finite number of Fourier modes. This result is proved by using some ideas from the geometric control theory introduced by Agrachev and Sarychev.
One proves that the linear and semilinear stochastic parabolic equations with a multiplicative noise with a finite number of modes are exactly null controllable.
This paper deals with the hierarchical control of the parabolic equation.We use Stackelberg{Nash strategies. As usual, we consider one leader and two followers. To each leader we associate a Nash equilibrium corresponding to a bi-objective optimal control problem, then, we look for a leader that solves null controllability e with trajectories problem. We consider linear and nonlinear equations in dimension 1.
This paper deals with a multi-objective control problem for a class of nonlocal parabolic equations, where the non-locality is expressed through an integral kernel. We present the Stackelberg strategy that combines the concepts of controllability to trajectories with optimal control. The strategy involves two controls: a main control (the leader) and a secondary control (the follower). The leader solves a controllability to trajectories problem which consists to drive the state of the system to a prescribed target at a final time while the follower solves an optimal control problem which consi…
In this paper we prove a uniform controllability result for a fourth order parabolic partial differential equation which includes a transport term, when the coefficients of higher order terms vanish. We prove the null controllability of the system with a single boundary control, and also it is obtained that the cost of the control decreases to zero, under the hypothesis of the control time being large enough. Moreover, we prove that, if the control time is small enough, the cost of controllability increases to infinity.
This paper is devoted to the controllability of linear systems of two coupled parabolic equations when the coupling involves a space dependent first order term. This system is set on an bounded interval, and the first equation is controlled by a force supported in a subinterval of I or on the boundary. In the case where the intersection of the coupling and control domains is nonempty, we prove null controllability at any time. Otherwise, we provide a minimal time for null controllability. Finally we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the approximate controllability. The main technic…
We consider systems of parabolic equations coupled in zero order terms in a star-like or a tree-like shape, with an internal control acting in only one of the equations. We obtain local exact controllability to the stationary solutions of the system, under hypotheses concerning the supports of the coupling functions. The key point is establishing Carleman estimates with appropriate observation operators for the adjoint to the linearized system, which allows the study of the controllability problem, in either linear or nonlinear cases, in an $L^\infty$ framework.
This work is devoted to the control of the Fokker-Planck equation, posed on a smooth bounded domain of R^d, with a localized drift force. We prove that this equation is locally controllable to regular nonzero trajectories. Moreover, under some conditions, we explain how to reduce the number of controls around the reference control. The results are obtained thanks to a standard linearization method and the fictitious control method. The main novelties are twofold. First, the algebraic solvability is performed and used directly on the adjoint problem. We then prove a new Carleman inequality for …
