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arXiv 1105.0801cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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应变中的交联聚合物:结构和各向异性应力

Cross-linked polymers in strain: Structure and anisotropic stress

Prashant Kumar Srivastava, Kartik Venkatraman

摘要:

分子动力学模拟使人们能够将材料受到应变时微观结构的演变与各向异性应力相关联。由于在交联聚合物中的恒定应变率载荷引起的各向异性应力主要取决于均方键长和均方键角。由于链堆积和空间分布而排除的体积相互作用也对应力响应有影响。键长沿链的分布是不均匀的。相反,链末端的键长较大,并且从两端朝向链的中间均匀地减小。该效应是由于交联剂的存在。与线性聚合物一样,在高密度值下,均方键长的变化主导回转半径和端到端长度的变化。也就是说,键变形在尺寸和形状的变化上占主导地位。均方键长的大变化反映在应力响应的跳跃中。短链聚合物的行为或多或少类似于刚性分子。温度对响应有特殊的影响,即使键长随温度增加,应力响应随温度升高而降低。这是由于排除体积效应的主导作用,其导致在较高温度下的较低应力。在低应变速率下,观察到从$ε=0.2$到$ε=0.5$的粘结拉伸中的一些松弛。在高应变速率下,链的内部变形超过其解卷,导致应力水平上升。

英文摘要:

Molecular dynamic simulation enables one to correlate the evolution of the micro-structure with anisotropic stress when a material is subject to strain. The anisotropic stress due to a constant strain-rate load in a cross-linked polymer is primarily dependent on the mean-square bond length and mean-square bond angle. Excluded volume interactions due to chain stacking and spatial distribution also has a bearing on the stress response. The bond length distribution along the chain is not uniform. Rather, the bond lengths at the end of the chains are larger and uniformly decrease towards the middle of the chain from both ends. The effect is due to the presence of cross-linkers. As with linear polymers, at high density values, changes in mean-square bond length dominates over changes in radius of gyration and end-to-end length. That is, bond deformations dominate over changes in size and shape. A large change in the mean-square bond length reflects in a jump in the stress response. Short-chain polymers more or less behave like rigid molecules. Temperature has a peculiar effect on the response in the sense that even though bond lengths increase with temperature, stress response decreases with increasing temperature. This is due to the dominance of excluded volume effects which result in lower stresses at higher temperatures. At low strain rates, some relaxation in the bond stretch is observed from $ε=0.2$ to $ε=0.5$. At high strain rates, internal deformation of the chains dominate over their uncoiling leading to a rise in the stress levels.

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