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arXiv 1104.5523astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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超铝X射线源Holmberg IX X-1及其恒星环境的光学性质

Optical Properties of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source Holmberg IX X-1 and its Stellar Environment

Fabien Grisé, Philip Kaaret, Manfred W. Pakull, Christian Motch

摘要:

Holmberg IX X-1是一个典型的超铝X射线源(ULX)。在这里,我们研究的光学对应物和它的恒星环境的光学数据从SUBARU/暗物体相机和摄谱仪,GEMINI/GMOS-N和哈勃太空望远镜(HST)/高级相机的调查,以及同时钱德拉X射线数据。光谱上确认的V ~ 22.6光学对应物是一个年龄小于2000万年的松散星团的一部分。因此,星协中单个恒星的质量上限约为20 M太阳。这颗对应的恒星比星协的其他恒星更明亮,这表明吸积盘对光学的贡献不可忽略。观测到的紫外线过剩也指向类似于X射线活跃的低质量X射线双星的非恒星光。在ULX的光谱中发现了一条宽的HeII 4686发射线,这进一步表明吸积盘中的X射线再处理产生了可见光。利用恒星的演化轨迹,我们将对应物的质量限制在>~ 10 M_sun,即使吸积盘对光学光度的贡献很大。与双星模型的光度特性比较表明,施主可能更大,>~ 25 M_sun,ULX系统可能经历AB情况下的质量转移。最后,对应的表现出光度变化0.14 mag之间的两个HST观测相隔50天,这可能是由于椭球的变化和/或磁盘的可变X射线发射的再处理。

英文摘要:

Holmberg IX X-1 is an archetypal ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). Here we study the properties of the optical counterpart and of its stellar environment using optical data from SUBARU/Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph,GEMINI/GMOS-N and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys, as well as simultaneous Chandra X-ray data. The V ~ 22.6 spectroscopically identified optical counterpart is part of a loose cluster with an age <~ 20 Myr. Consequently, the mass upper limit on individual stars in the association is about 20 M_sun. The counterpart is more luminous than the other stars of the association, suggesting a non-negligible optical contribution from the accretion disk. An observed UV excess also points to non-stellar light similar to X-ray active low-mass X-ray binaries. A broad HeII4686 emission line identified in the optical spectrum of the ULX further suggests optical light from X-ray reprocessing in the accretion disk. Using stellar evolutionary tracks, we have constrained the mass of the counterpart to be >~ 10 M_sun, even if the accretion disk contributes significantly to the optical luminosity. Comparison of the photometric properties of the counterpart with binary models show that the donor may be more massive, >~ 25 M_sun, with the ULX system likely undergoing case AB mass transfer. Finally, the counterpart exhibits photometric variability of 0.14 mag between two HST observations separated by 50 days which could be due to ellipsoidal variations and/or disk reprocessing of variable X-ray emission.

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