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arXiv 1306.2317astro-ph.HE
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Holmberg IX X-1超铝X射线源中的X射线流出和超爱丁顿吸积

X-ray Outflows and Super-Eddington Accretion in the Ultraluminous X-ray Source Holmberg IX X-1

D. J. Walton, J. M. Miller, F. A. Harrison, A. C. Fabian, T. P. Roberts, M. J. Middleton, R. C. Reis

摘要:

对X射线连续谱发射和通量变化的研究还没有最终揭示在分布的高亮度端(Lx > 1 e40 erg/s)的超亮X射线源(ULX)的性质。这些都是特别感兴趣的,因为光度需要超级爱丁顿吸积到一个质量约10 Msun的黑洞,或更多的标准吸积到一个中等质量的黑洞。超级爱丁顿吸积模型预测了强烈的外流风,使原子吸收线成为极端ULX性质的关键诊断。为了寻找这样的功能,我们已经进行了长期的,500公里的观测活动Holmberg IX X-1与朱雀。这是迄今为止,对于明亮的孤立ULX,铁K带通中最敏感的数据集,但我们在发射或吸收中没有发现统计上显著的原子特征;任何未检测到的窄特征必须具有小于15-20 eV的等效宽度,置信度为99%。如果观察到的质量流入和流出速率之间的趋势延伸到超爱丁顿区域,这些极限远低于预期的>150 eV的线,并且事实上排除了在各种次爱丁顿黑洞中从盘风观察到的线强度。因此,我们不能通过任何实质性的物质柱来观察Holmberg IX X-1的中心区域,排除了球形超爱丁顿吸积模型。如果Holmberg IX X-1是一个超爱丁顿源,任何相关的外流必须具有各向异性的几何形状。最后,铁元素的缺乏表明这颗伴星不可能产生强风,而霍姆伯格IX X-1必须主要通过罗氏瓣溢出吸积。

英文摘要:

Studies of X-ray continuum emission and flux variability have not conclusively revealed the nature of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) at the high-luminosity end of the distribution (those with Lx > 1e40 erg/s). These are of particular interest because the luminosity requires either super-Eddington accretion onto a black hole of mass ~10 Msun, or more standard accretion onto an intermediate-mass black hole. Super-Eddington accretion models predict strong outflowing winds, making atomic absorption lines a key diagnostic of the nature of extreme ULXs. To search for such features, we have undertaken a long, 500 ks observing campaign on Holmberg IX X-1 with Suzaku. This is the most sensitive dataset in the iron K bandpass for a bright, isolated ULX to date, yet we find no statistically significant atomic features in either emission or absorption; any undetected narrow features must have equivalent widths less than 15-20 eV at 99% confidence. These limits are far below the >150 eV lines expected if observed trends between mass inflow and outflow rates extend into the super-Eddington regime, and in fact rule out the line strengths observed from disk winds in a variety of sub-Eddington black holes. We therefore cannot be viewing the central regions of Holmberg IX X-1 through any substantial column of material, ruling out models of spherical super-Eddington accretion. If Holmberg IX X-1 is a super-Eddington source, any associated outflow must have an anisotropic geometry. Finally, the lack of iron emission suggests that the stellar companion cannot be launching a strong wind, and that Holmberg IX X-1 must primarily accrete via roche-lobe overflow.

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