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arXiv 1201.4473astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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黑洞驱动的星云和超亮X射线源IC342 X-1的个例研究

Black Hole Powered Nebulae and a Case Study of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source IC342 X-1

D. Cseh, S. Corbel, P. Kaaret, C. Lang, F. Grise, Z. Paragi, A. Tzioumis, V. Tudose, H. Feng

摘要:

我们提出了新的无线电,光学,和X射线观测的三个超铝X射线源(ULX)与大规模星云。我们报告了一个射电星云的发现与ULX IC 342 X-1使用甚大阵(VLA)。本文还介绍了Holmberg II X-1周围星云的VLA补充观测,以及NGC 5408 X-1的高频澳大利亚望远镜紧凑阵列(ATCA)和甚大望远镜(VLT)光谱观测。我们研究了IC 342 X-1,Holmberg II X-1和NGC 5408 X-1的光学/射电星云的形态,电离过程和能量学。在标准泡理论框架下讨论了IC 342 X-1光学星云的能量学。光学星云的总能量为6 x 10^52 erg。供给相关射电星云所需的最低能量为9.2 x 10^50尔格。此外,我们还在IC 342 X-1的VLA尺度上探测到一个未分辨的射电源。然而,我们使用欧洲VLBI网络进行的甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)观测可能排除了任何毫角秒(mas)尺度的致密射电源的存在。利用同步Swift X射线望远镜测量,我们利用吸积黑洞的“基本平面”估计了IC 342 X-1中黑洞的质量上限,并得到M_BH <(1.0 \pm 0.3)× 10^3 M_Sun。认为IC 342 X-1星云可能是由喷流膨胀的,我们估计了IC 342 X-1喷流的吸积速率和效率,并与S26,SS 433,IC 10 X-1等源进行了比较。

英文摘要:

We present new radio, optical, and X-ray observations of three Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) that are associated with large-scale nebulae. We report the discovery of a radio nebula associated with the ULX IC342 X-1 using the Very Large Array (VLA). Complementary VLA observations of the nebula around Holmberg II X-1, and high-frequency Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and Very Large Telescope (VLT) spectroscopic observations of NGC5408 X-1 are also presented. We study the morphology, ionization processes, and the energetics of the optical/radio nebulae of IC342 X-1, Holmberg II X-1 and NGC5408 X-1. The energetics of the optical nebula of IC342 X-1 is discussed in the framework of standard bubble theory. The total energy content of the optical nebula is 6 x 10^52 erg. The minimum energy needed to supply the associated radio nebula is 9.2 x 10^50 erg. In addition, we detected an unresolved radio source at the location of IC342 X-1 at VLA scales. However, our Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations using the European VLBI Network likely rule out the presence of any compact radio source at milli-arcsecond (mas) scales. Using a simultaneous Swift X-ray Telescope measurement, we estimate an upper limit on the mass of the black hole in IC342 X-1 using the "fundamental plane" of accreting black holes and obtain M_BH < (1.0\pm0.3) x 10^3 M_Sun. Arguing that the nebula of IC342 X-1 is possibly inflated by a jet, we estimate accretion rates and efficiencies for the jet of IC342 X-1 and compare with sources like S26, SS433, IC10 X-1.

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