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arXiv 0901.4302astro-ph.HE
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NGC 4631中不同类型的超铝X射线源

Different types of ultraluminous X-ray sources in NGC 4631

Roberto Soria, Kajal Ghosh

摘要:

利用XMM-Newton、Chandra和ROSAT观测资料,对NGC 4631星暴星系中最亮的X射线源进行了重新研究。最有趣的来源是一个高度可变的超软ULX。我们认为它的热光度在高/超软状态下约为几个10^{39} erg/s:这比以前的研究中估计的低一个数量级,因此减少了对极端或奇异场景的需求。此外,我们发现,该源是在一个非典型的低/软(kT ~ 0.1-0.3 keV)状态在钱德拉观测。通过比较高低态,我们认为,光谱特性可能不符合预期的吸积中等质量黑洞的行为。我们认为,周期性的超级爱丁顿爆发与光球膨胀从一个大质量的白矮星(M_{wd} >~ 1.3 M_{sun}),由非稳定的核燃烧提供动力,可能是一个可行的可能性,在替代以前提出的超爱丁顿流出的方案,从吸积恒星质量的黑洞。在这个来源中,核燃烧为白矮星爆发提供动力所需的长期平均吸积速率约为5-10 x 10^{-6} M_{sun} /年:这与用来解释最明亮的硬光谱ULX(由黑洞吸积提供动力)的热时间尺度质量转移速率相当。NGC 4631中其他四个最明亮的X射线源(其中三个可以归类为ULX)似乎是典型的吸积黑洞,在四种不同的光谱状态:高/软,凸谱,软过剩的幂律,和简单的幂律。它们都不需要质量>~ 50 M_{sun}。

英文摘要:

We have re-examined the most luminous X-ray sources in the starburst galaxy NGC 4631, using XMM-Newton, Chandra and ROSAT data. The most interesting source is a highly variable supersoft ULX. We suggest that its bolometric luminosity ~ a few 10^{39} erg/s in the high/supersoft state: this is an order of magnitude lower than estimated in previous studies, thus reducing the need for extreme or exotic scenarios. Moreover, we find that this source was in a non-canonical low/soft (kT ~ 0.1-0.3 keV) state during the Chandra observation. By comparing the high and low state, we argue that the spectral properties may not be consistent with the expected behaviour of an accreting intermediate-mass black hole. We suggest that recurrent super-Eddington outbursts with photospheric expansion from a massive white dwarf (M_{wd} >~ 1.3 M_{sun}), powered by non-steady nuclear burning, may be a viable possibility, in alternative to the previously proposed scenario of a super-Eddington outflow from an accreting stellar-mass black hole. The long-term average accretion rate required for nuclear burning to power such white-dwarf outbursts in this source and perhaps in other supersoft ULXs is ~ 5-10 x 10^{-6} M_{sun}/yr: this is comparable to the thermal-timescale mass transfer rate invoked to explain the most luminous hard-spectrum ULXs (powered by black hole accretion). The other four most luminous X-ray sources in NGC 4631 (three of which can be classified as ULXs) appear to be typical accreting black holes, in four different spectral states: high/soft, convex-spectrum, power-law with soft excess, and simple power-law. None of them requires masses >~ 50 M_{sun}.

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