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arXiv 1104.0730astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
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局部不均匀性对宇宙学常数表观值的修正

Corrections to the apparent value of the cosmological constant due to local inhomogeneities

Antonio Enea Romano, Pisin Chen

摘要:

超新星观测强烈支持宇宙学常数的存在,但它的值,我们称之为表观的,通常是在假设宇宙可以用均匀模型精确描述的情况下确定的。即使在存在宇宙学常数的情况下,我们仍然不能排除存在一个小的局部不均匀性,它可能影响宇宙学常数的表观值。忽略不均匀性的存在实际上会引入对宇宙学数据的系统性误解,导致宇宙学常数的表观值和真实值之间的区别。我们建立了计算宇宙学常数表观值修正的理论框架,通过用$ΛLTB$解模拟局域不均匀性。我们的假设是在一个球对称的不均匀物质分布的中心,对应于有效地计算我们周围的大尺度不均匀性的贡献,我们预计这将是主要的,因为其他观测支持我们周围的宇宙的高水平的各向同性。通过执行一个本地泰勒展开,我们分析的独立自由度的数量,确定的局部形状的不均匀性,并考虑中心平滑的问题,显示如何相同的校正可以对应于不同的不均匀性配置文件。与以前尝试使用大空隙模型拟合数据相反,我们的方法是相当普遍的。对宇宙学常数的表观值的修正实际上存在于任何大小的局部不均匀性中,在理论上和观测上都应该适当地加以考虑。

英文摘要:

Supernovae observations strongly support the presence of a cosmological constant, but its value, which we will call apparent, is normally determined assuming that the Universe can be accurately described by a homogeneous model. Even in the presence of a cosmological constant we cannot exclude nevertheless the presence of a small local inhomogeneity which could affect the apparent value of the cosmological constant. Neglecting the presence of the inhomogeneity can in fact introduce a systematic misinterpretation of cosmological data, leading to the distinction between an apparent and true value of the cosmological constant. We establish the theoretical framework to calculate the corrections to the apparent value of the cosmological constant by modeling the local inhomogeneity with a $ΛLTB$ solution. Our assumption to be at the center of a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous matter distribution correspond to effectively calculate the monopole contribution of the large scale inhomogeneities surrounding us, which we expect to be the dominant one, because of other observations supporting a high level of isotropy of the Universe around us. By performing a local Taylor expansion we analyze the number of independent degrees of freedom which determine the local shape of the inhomogeneity, and consider the issue of central smoothness, showing how the same correction can correspond to different inhomogeneity profiles. Contrary to previous attempts to fit data using large void models our approach is quite general. The correction to the apparent value of the cosmological constant is in fact present for local inhomogeneities of any size, and should always be taken appropriately into account both theoretically and observationally.

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