Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a C*-algebra and $α:\mathcal{C} \rightarrow \mathcal{C}$ a unital *-endomorphism. There is a natural way to construct operator algebras which are called semicrossed products, using a convolution induced by the action of $α$ on $\mathcal{C}$. We show that the C*-envelope of a semicrossed product is (a full corner of) a crossed product. As a consequence, we get that, when $α$ is *-injective, the semicrossed products are completely isometrically isomorphic and share the same C*-envelope, the crossed product $\mathcal{C}_\infty \rtimes_{α_\infty} \mathbb{Z}$. We show that minimality of the dynamical system $(\mathcal{C},α)$ is equivalent to non-existence of non-trivial Fourier invariant ideals in the C*-envelope. We get sharper results for commutative dynamical systems.
A semicrossed product is a non-selfadjoint operator algebra encoding the action of a semigroup on an operator or C*-algebra. We prove that, when the positive cone of a discrete lattice ordered abelian group acts on a C*-algebra, the C*-envelope of the associated semicrossed product is a full corner of a crossed product by the whole group. By constructing a C*-cover that itself is a full corner of a crossed product, and computing the Shilov ideal, we obtain an explicit description of the C*-envelope. This generalizes a result of Davidson, Fuller, and Kakariadis from $\mathbb{Z}_+^n$ to the clas…
We show that for a class of operator algebras satisfying a natural condition the $C^*$-envelope of the universal free product of operator algebras $A_i$ is given by the free product of the $C^*$-envelopes of the $A_i$. We apply this theorem to, in special cases, the $C^*$-envelope of the semicrossed products for multivariable dynamics in terms of the single variable semicrossed products of Peters.
Let $X$ be compact Hausdorff, and $ϕ: X \to X$ a continuous surjection. Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the semicrossed product algebra corresponding to the relation $fU = Uf\circ ϕ$. Then the C$^*$-envelope of $\mathcal{A}$ is the crossed product of a commutative C$^*$-algebra which contains $C(X)$ as a subalgebra, with respect to a homeomorphism which we construct. We also show there are``sufficiently many'' nest representations.
Let $X$ be compact Hausdorff, and $ϕ: X \to X$ a continuous surjection. Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the semicrossed product algebra corresponding to the relation fU = Uf\circ ϕ$ or to the relation $Uf = f\circ ϕU.$ Then the C$^*$-envelope of $\mathcal{A}$ is the crossed product of a commutative C$^*$-algebra which contains $C(X)$ as a subalgebra, with respect to a homeomorphism which we construct. We also show there are"sufficiently many" nest representations.
Let $\A$ be a unital operator algebra and let $α$ be an automorphism of $\A$ that extends to a *-automorphism of its $\ca$-envelope $\cenv (\A)$. In this paper we introduce the isometric semicrossed product $\A \times_α^{\is} \bbZ^+ $ and we show that $\cenv(\A \times_α^{\is} \bbZ^+) \simeq \cenv (\A) \times_α \bbZ$. In contrast, the $\ca$-envelope of the familiar contractive semicrossed product $\A \times_α \bbZ^+ $ may not equal $\cenv (\A) \times_α \bbZ$. Our main tool for calculating $\ca$-envelopes for semicrossed products is the concept of a relative semicrossed product of an operator al…
If $α$ is the endomorphism of the disk algebra, $\AD$, induced by composition with a finite Blaschke product $b$, then the semicrossed product $\AD\times_α \bZ^+$ imbeds canonically, completely isometrically into $\rC(\bT)\times_α \bZ^+$. Hence in the case of a non-constant Blaschke product $b$, the C*-envelope has the form $ \rC(§_{b})\times_{s} \bZ$, where $(§_{b}, s)$ is the solenoid system for $(\bT, b)$. In the case where $b$ is a constant, then the C*-envelope of $\AD\times_α \bZ^+$ is strongly Morita equivalent to a crossed product of the form $ \rC(§_{e})\times_{s} \bZ$, where $e \colo…
We use the Fock semicrossed product to define an operator algebra associated to a module over an integral domain. We consider the $C^*$-envelope of the semicrossed product, and then consider properties of these algebras as models for studying general semicrossed products.
We characterize the hypocompact radical of a semicrossed product in terms of properties of the dynamical system. We show that an element A of a semicrossed product is in the hypocompact radical if and only if the Fourier coefficients of A vanish on the closure of the recurrent points and the 0-Fourier coefficient vanishes also on the largest perfect subset of X.
We consider semicrossed products of the disk algebra with respect to endomorphisms defined by finite Blaschke products. We characterize the Jacobson radical of these operator algebras. Furthermore, in the case the finite Blaschke product is elliptic, we show that the semicrossed product contains no nonzero quasinilpotent elements. However, if the finite Blaschke product is hyperbolic or parabolic with zero hyperbolic step, the Jacobson radical is nonzero and a proper subset of the set of quasinilpotent elements.
We take a new look at dilation theory for nonself-adjoint operator algebras. Among the extremal (co)extensions of a representation, there is a special property of being fully extremal. This allows a refinement of some of the classical notions which are important when one moves away from standard examples. We show that many algebras including graph algebras and tensor algebras of C*-correspondences have the semi-Dirichlet property which collapses these notions and explains why they have a better dilation theory. This leads to variations of the notions of commutant lifting and Ando's theorem. Th…
We study w*-semicrossed products over actions of the free semigroup and the free abelian semigroup on (possibly non-selfadjoint) w*-closed algebras. We show that they are reflexive when the dynamics are implemented by uniformly bounded families of invertible row operators. Combining with results of Helmer we derive that w*-semicrossed products over factors (on a separable Hilbert space) are reflexive. Furthermore we show that w*-semicrossed products of automorphic actions on maximal abelian selfadjoint algebras are reflexive. In all cases we prove that the w*-semicrossed products have the bico…
Given a w*-closed unital algebra $A$ acting on $H_0$ and a contractive w*-continuous endomorphism $β$ of $A$, there is a w*-closed (non-selfadjoint) unital algebra $\mathbb{Z}_+\bar{\times}_βA$ acting on $H_0\otimes\ell^2({\mathbb{Z}_+})$, called the w*-semicrossed product of $A$ with $β$. We prove that the w*-semicrossed product is a reflexive operator algebra provided $A$ is reflexive and $β$ is unitarily implemented, and that it has the bicommutant property if and only if so does $A$. Also, we show that the w*-semicrossed product generated by a commutative C*-algebra and a *-endomorphism is…
We characterize the compact multiplication operators on a semi-crossed product in terms of the corresponding dynamical system. We also characterize the compact elements of this algebra and determine the ideal they generate.
We examine the semicrossed products of a semigroup action by $*$-endomorphisms on a C*-algebra, or more generally of an action on an arbitrary operator algebra by completely contractive endomorphisms. The choice of allowable representations affects the corresponding universal algebra. We seek quite general conditions which will allow us to show that the C*-envelope of the semicrossed product is (a full corner of) a crossed product of an auxiliary C*-algebra by a group action. Our analysis concerns a case-by-case dilation theory on covariant pairs. In the process we determine the C*-envelope fo…
Let $\mathcal{S}$ be the semigroup $\mathcal{S}=\sum^{\oplus k}_{i=1}\Sc{S}_i$, where for each $i\in I$, $\mathcal{S}_i$ is a countable subsemigroup of the additive semigroup $\B{R}_+$ containing 0. We consider representations of $\mathcal{S}$ as contractions $\{T_s\}_{s\in\mathcal{S}}$ on a Hilbert space with the Nica-covariance property: $T_s^*T_t=T_tT_s^*$ whenever $t\wedge s=0$. We show that all such representations have a unique minimal isometric Nica-covariant dilation. This result is used to help analyse the nonself-adjoint semicrossed product algebras formed from Nica-covariant represe…
Semicrossed product algebras have been used to study dynamical systems since their introduction by Arveson in 1967. In this survey article, we discuss the history and some recent work, focussing on the conjugacy problem, dilation theory and C*-envelopes, and some connections back to the dynamics
We study the semicrossed product of a finite dimensional C^*-algebra by two types of commuting automorphisms, and identify them with matrix algebras of analytic functions in two variables. We look at the connections with semicrossed products by Z_+ actions.
Assume that $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ are automorphisms of the non-commutative disc algebra $\fA_n$, $n \geq 2$. We show that the semicrossed products $\fA_n \times_{ϕ_1} \bZ^+$ and $\fA_n \times_{ϕ_2} \bZ^+$ are isomorphic as algebras if and only if $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ are conjugate via an automorphism of $\fA_n$. A similar result holds for semicrossed products of the d-shift algebra $\A_d$, $d \geq 2$.
Let $(\A, α)$ and $(\B, β)$ be C*-dynamical systems and assume that $\A$ is a separable simple C*-algebra and that $α$ and $β$ are *-automorphisms. Then the semicrossed products $\A \times_α \bbZ^{+}$ and $\B \times_β \bbZ^{+}$ are isometrically isomorphic if and only if the dynamical systems $(\A, α)$ and $(\B, β)$ are outer conjugate.
Let $α:G \curvearrowright M$ be a spatial action of countable abelian group on a "spatial" von Neumann algebra $M$ and $S$ be its unital subsemigroup with $G=S^{-1}S$. We explicitly compute the essential commutant and the essential fixed-points, modulo the Schatten $p$-class or the compact operators, of the w$^*$-semicrossed product of $M$ by $S$ when $M'$ contains no non-zero compact operators. We also prove a weaker result when $M$ is a von Neumann algebra on a finite dimensional Hilbert space and $(G,S)=(\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Z}_{+})$, which extends a famous result due to Davidson (1977) for t…
We examine the completely isometric automorphisms of a free product of noncommutative disc algebras. It will be established that such an automorphism is given simply by a completely isometric automorphism of each component of the free product and a permutation of the components. This mirrors a similar fact in topology concerning biholomorphic automorphisms of product spaces with nice boundaries due to Rudin, Ligocka and Tsyganov. This paper is also a study of multivariable dynamical systems by their semicrossed product algebras. A new form of dynamical system conjugacy is introduced and is sho…
To a given multivariable C*-dynamical system $(A, \al)$ consisting of *-automorphisms, we associate a family of operator algebras $\alg(A, \al)$, which includes as specific examples the tensor algebra and the semicrossed product. It is shown that if two such operator algebras $\alg(A, \al)$ and $\alg(B, \be)$ are isometrically isomorphic, then the induced dynamical systems $(\hat{A}, \hat{\al})$ and $(\hat{B}, \hat{\be})$ on the Fell spectra are piecewise conjugate, in the sense of Davidson and Katsoulis. In the course of proving the above theorem we obtain several results of independent inter…
Rigidity for Isomorphisms between Operator Algebras with Commutative Diagonals
East Carolina University（东卡罗来纳大学）；Shandong Technology and Business University（山东工商学院）；Chongqing Normal University（重庆师范大学）；Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院数学研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
A Dirichlet operator algebra is a nonself-adjoint operator algebra $\mathcal{A}$ with the property that $\mathcal{A} + \mathcal{A}^*$ is norm-dense in the C$^*$-envelope of $\mathcal{A}.$ We show that, under certain restrictions, $\mathcal{A}$ has a family of completely contractive representations $\{π_i\}$ with the property that the invariant subspaces of $π_i(\mathcal{A})$ are totally ordered, and such that, for all $a \in \mathcal{A}, \ ||a|| = \sup_i ||π_i(a)||.$ The class of Dirichlet algebras includes strongly maximal triangular AF algebras, certain semicrossed product algebras, and gaug…
We study the triangular subalgebras of UHF algebras which provide new examples of algebras with the Dirichlet property and the Ando property. This in turn allows us to describe the semicrossed product by an isometric automorphism. We also study the isometric automorphism group of these algebras and prove that it decomposes into the semidirect product of an abelian group by a torsion free group. Various other structure results are proven as well.
Let $\sS$ be a countable, abelian semigroup of continuous surjections on a compact metric space $X$. Corresponding to this dynamical system we associate two operator algebras, the tensor algebra, and the semicrossed product. There is a unique smallest C$^*$-algebra into which an operator algebra is completely isometrically embedded, which is the C$^*$-envelope. We provide two distinct characterizations of the C$^*$-envelope of the tensor algebra; one developed in a general setting by Katsura, and the other using tools of projective and inductive limits, which gives the C$^*$-envelope as a cros…
In this article, we show that the $C^*$-envelope of the minimal tensor product of two operator systems is isomorphic to the minimal tensor product of their $C^*$-envelopes. We do this by identifying the Silov boundary ideal of the minimal tensor product of two operator systems. Finally, as an application of this result, we show that the propagation number of the minimal tensor product of operator systems is the maximum of the propagation numbers of the factors.
Using non-selfadjoint techniques, we establish the Hao-Ng isomorphism for the reduced crossed product and all discrete groups. For the full crossed product an analogous result holds for all discrete groups but the C*-correspondences involved have to be hyperrigid. These results are obtained by calculating the C*-envelope of the reduced crossed product of an operator algebra by a discrete group.
A cosystem consists of a possibly nonselfadoint operator algebra equipped with a coaction by a discrete group. We introduce the concept of C*-envelope for a cosystem; roughly speaking, this is the smallest C*-algebraic cosystem that contains an equivariant completely isometric copy of the original one. We show that the C*-envelope for a cosystem always exists and we explain how it relates to the usual C*-envelope. We then show that for compactly aligned product systems over group-embeddable right LCM semigroups, the C*-envelope is co-universal, in the sense of Carlsen, Larsen, Sims and Vittade…
Let $(G, P)$ be an abelian, lattice ordered group and let $X$ be a compactly aligned product system over $P$. We show that the C*-envelope of the Nica tensor algebra $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{T}^+_X$ coincides with both Sehnem's covariance algebra $\mathcal{A} \times_X P$ and the co-universal C*-algebra $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}^r_X$ for injective, gauge compatible, Nica-covariant representations of Carlsen, Larsen, Sims and Vittadello. We give several applications of this result on both the selfadjoint and non-selfadjoint operator algebra theory. First we guarantee the existence of $\mathcal{N}\math…
We consider the ideal structure of a reduced crossed product of a unital $C^*$-algebra equipped with an action of a discrete group. More specifically we find sufficient and necessary conditions for the group action to have the intersection property, meaning that non-zero ideals in the reduced crossed product restrict to non-zero ideals in the underlying $C^*$-algebra. We show that the intersection property of a group action on a $C^*$-algebra is equivalent to the intersection property of the action on the equivariant injective envelope. We also show that the centre of the equivariant injective…
This paper studies injective envelopes of groupoid dynamical systems and the corresponding boundaries. Analogue to the group case, we associate a bundle of compact Hausdorff spaces to any (discrete) groupoid (the Hamana boundary of the groupoid). We study bundles of compact topological spaces equipped with an action of a groupoid. We show that any groupoid has a minimal boundary (the Furstenberg boundary of the groupoid). We prove that the Hamana and Furstenberg boundaries are the same, for (discrete) groupoids. We find the relation between the reduced crossed product of the $\G$-injective env…
Let $P$ be a submonoid of a group $G$ and let $\mathcal{E}=(\mathcal{E}_p)_{p\in P}$ be a product system over $P$ with coefficient C*-algebra $A$. We show that the following C*-algebras are canonically isomorphic: the C*-envelope of the tensor algebra $\mathcal{T}_λ(\mathcal{E})^+$ of $\mathcal{E}$; the reduced cross sectional C*-algebra of the Fell bundle associated to the canonical coaction of $G$ on the covariance algebra $A\times_{\mathcal{E}}P$ of $\mathcal{E}$; and the C*-envelope of the cosystem obtained by restricting the canonical gauge coaction on $\mathcal{T}_λ(\mathcal{E})$ to the …
Let $(\mathcal G, Σ)$ be an ordered abelian group with Haar measure $μ$, let $(\mathcal A, \mathcal G, α)$ be a dynamical system and let $\mathcal A\rtimes_α Σ$ be the associated semicrossed product. Using Takai duality we establish a stable isomorphism \[ \mathcal A\rtimes_α Σ\sim_{s} \big(\mathcal A \otimes \mathcal K(\mathcal G, Σ, μ)\big)\rtimes_{α\otimes {\rm Ad}\: ρ} \mathcal G, \] where $\mathcal K(\mathcal G, Σ, μ)$ denotes the compact operators in the CSL algebra ${\rm Alg}\:\mathcal L(\mathcal G, Σ, μ)$ and $ρ$ denotes the right regular representation of $\mathcal G$. We also show th…
We give a new very concrete description of the C*-envelope of the tensor algebra associated to multivariable dynamical system. In the surjective case, this C*-envelope is described as a crossed product by an endomorphism, and as a groupoid C*-algebra. In the non-surjective case, it is a full corner of a such an algebra. We also show that when the space is compact, then the C*-envelope is simple if and only if the system is minimal.
We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for embeddability of an operator system into $\mathcal{O}_2$. Using Kirchberg's theorems on a tensor product of $\mathcal{O}_2$ and $\mathcal{O}_{\infty}$, we establish results on their operator system counterparts $\mathcal{S}_2$ and $\mathcal{S}_{\infty}$. Applications of the results proved, including some examples describing $C^*$-envelopes of operator systems, are also discussed.
This paper is motivated primarily by the question of when the maximal and reduced crossed products of a $G$-$C^*$-algebra agree (particularly inspired by results of Matsumura and Suzuki), and the relationships with various notions of amenability and injectivity. We give new connections between these notions. Key tools in this include the natural equivariant analogues of injectivity, and of Lance's weak expectation property: we also give complete characterizations of these equivariant properties, and some connections with injective envelopes in the sense of Hamana.
A new C*-enlargement of a C*-algebra $A$ nested between the local multiplier algebra $M_{\text{loc}}(A)$ of $A$ and its injective envelope $I(A)$ is introduced. Various aspects of this maximal C*-algebra of quotients, $Q_{\text{max}}(A)$, are studied, notably in the setting of AW*-algebras. As a by-product we obtain a new example of a type I C*-algebra $A$ such that $M_{\text{loc}}(M_{\text{loc}}(A))\ne M_{\text{loc}}(A)$.
We use the injective envelope to study quasimultipliers of operator spaces. We prove that all representable operator algebra products that an operator space can be endowed with are induced by quasimultipliers. We obtain generalizations of the Banach-Stone theorem.
In this paper we construct and study the representation theory of a Hopf C^*-algebra with approximate unit, which constitutes quantum analogue of a compact group C^*-algebra. The construction is done by first introducing a convolution-product on an arbitrary Hopf algebra H with integral, and then constructing the L_2 and C^*-envelopes of H (with the new convolution-product) when H is a compact Hopf *-algebra.
