Mackinawite is a naturally-occurring layer type FeS mineral well-known to be important in biogeochemical cycles and, more recently, to the development of microbial fuel cells. Conflicting results have been published as to the magnetic properties of this mineral, with Mössbauer spectroscopy indicating no magnetic ordering and density functional theory predicting an antiferromagnetic ground state, similar to the Fe-based high-temperature superconductors with which it is isostructural and for which it is known that magnetism is suppressed by strong itinerant spin fluctuations. We investigated this latter possibility for mackinawite using photoemission spectroscopy (PES), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAS), and density functional theory (DFT) computations. Our Fe 3s core-level PES spectrum of mackinawite showed a clear exchange-energy splitting (2.9 eV) consistent with a 1 μB magnetic moment on the Fe ions, while the Fe L-edge XAS spectrum indicated rather delocalized Fe 3d electrons in mackinawite similar to those in Fe metal. DFT computations demonstrated that the ground state of mackinawite is single-stripe antiferromagnetic, with an Fe magnetic moment (2.7 μB) that is significantly larger than the experimental estimate and has a strong dependence on the S height and lattice parameters. All of these trends signal the existence of strong itinerant spin fluctuations.If strong spin fluctuations prove to be the mediators of electron pairing in these Fe-based superconductors, we conjecture that mackinawite may be one of the simplest Fe-based superconductors.
Superconductivity and magnetism in Iron Sulfides Intercalated by Metal Hydroxides
受天然硫化物矿物的启发,我们提出了一个新的铁基超导体家族。亚稳态形式的FeS被称为矿物mackinawite形成二维片,可以很容易地插入各种阳离子客体物种。在水热条件下,使用碱金属氢氧化物,我们制备了三种不同的阳离子和金属氢氧化物插层的FeS相,包括(Li $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$ OH)FeS,[(Na $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$)(OH)$_2$ ]FeS和K $_x$ Fe $_{2-y}$ S $_2$。在成功嵌入FeS层后,(Li $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$ OH)$^{δ+}$嵌入物的超导临界温度$T_c$从5 K提高到8 K. [(Na $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$)(OH)$_2$ ]FeS的层状异质结构类似于天然矿物托奇林石,其包含与六方氢氧化物晶格交错的铁正方形晶格。而异质结构的[(Na $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$)(OH)$_2$ ]FeS在15 K附近显示长程磁有序,K $_x$ Fe $_{2-y}$ S $_2$显示短程反铁磁性。
Highly Anisotropic Superconducting Gap in Nematically Ordered and Tetragonal Phases of FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$
FeSe具有独特的基态,其中在环境压力下,超导性与非磁性有序共存,而没有长程磁有序。在这里,研究如何配对相互作用的发展与向列性,我们测量了FeSe $_{1-x}$ S $_x$的热导率和比热,其中向列性被抑制的等电子硫取代。我们发现,在整个双($0\leq x \leq 0.17$)和四($x=0.20$)制度,小磁场的应用导致这两个量的急剧增加。这表明在超导能隙函数中存在深的极小值或线节点,意味着在超导体的超导态和四超导态中,对相互作用是显著的各向异性。此外,目前的结果表明,在四氢呋喃制度的间隙极小值/节点的位置似乎是本质上不同于在四氢呋喃制度。这些结果对目前的理论提出了重要的限制。
Robustness of superconductivity to competing magnetic phases in tetragonal FeS
利用μ子自旋旋转(μSR)测量了水热合成的四元FeS粉末样品的超导和磁性。超导性质与最近发表的研究结果完全一致,表现出完全的能隙行为,穿透深度为λ ab = 204(3)nm。然而,我们的零场μSR数据是相当不同的,并表明在样品中存在一个小的,非超导的磁相。这些结果强调,样品间的磁性变化可以出现在水热制备的阶段,但有趣的是,超导行为是显着不敏感,这些变化。
Accurate determination of the Fermi surface of tetragonal FeS via quantum oscillation measurements and quasiparticle self-consistent \textit{GW} calculations
Electric Transport of a Single Crystal Iron Chalcogenide FeSe Superconductor: Evidence of Symmetry Breakdown Nematicity and Additional Ultrafast Dirac cone-Like Carriers
在FeAs超导体中普遍观察到SDW反铁磁(SDW-AF)低温相变,AF自旋涨落对超导配对机制起着重要作用.然而,在FeSe超导体中没有观察到类似的磁相变,这引起了相当多的讨论。我们报告的内在电子状态的铁硒阐明运输测量下磁场使用高品质的单晶。一个迁移率谱分析,从头算方法,不作假设的多载流子系统中的输运参数,提供了非常重要和明确的证据,另一个隐藏的顺序,最有可能的对称性破缺从四碳C4对称性的C2对称向列性与选择性d-轨道分裂,存在于超导FeSe的情况下以外的AF磁序自旋涨落。FeSe中的本征低温相处于几乎补偿的半金属态,但另外伴随有狄拉克锥状超快电子$\sim$ 10 $^4$ cm $^2$(VS)$^{-1}$作为少数载流子。
Hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure tuning of iron-based superconductors: Insights into superconductivity, magnetism, nematicity and collapsed tetragonal transitions
铁基超导体以其有趣的相图而闻名,该相图显示了电子,磁性和结构自由度的复杂相互作用。在观察到的相变中有超导、磁性和几种类型的结构转变,包括四边形到正交晶系和四边形-四边形转变。特别地,广泛观察到的四方晶到斜方晶的转变被认为是与晶格耦合的电子有序的结果,因此被称为四方晶转变。因此,向列性是这些材料的一个突出特征,这表明了电子和晶格性质耦合的重要性。相应地,这些系统特别容易通过压力(流体静力学、单轴或某种组合)进行调谐。我们审查的努力,以探测压力调谐铁基超导体的相图,强烈关注我们自己最近的见解,这类材料的几个成员在静水压力下的相图。这些研究FeSe,Ba(Fe $_{1-x}$ Co $_x$)$_2$ As $_2$,Ca(Fe $_{1-x}$ Co $_x$)$_2$ As $_2$和CaK(Fe $_{1-x}$ Ni $_x$)$_4$ As $_4$,在很大程度上,由于在不同压力环境下使用的测量方法的进步而成为可能。我们指出了这些工具的潜在影响更广泛的类强关联电子系统的研究。
Spin fluctuations in the 112-type iron-based superconductor Ca$_{0.82}$La$_{0.18}$Fe$_{0.96}$Ni$_{0.04}$As$_{2}$
利用飞行时间非弹性中子散射(INS)研究了112型铁基超导体(FeSC)Ca $_{0.82}$ La $_{0.18}$ Fe $_{0.96}$ Ni $_{0.04}$ As $_{2}$(CaLa-112)的自旋涨落谱.与具有中心对称四角晶系晶格结构的122型FeSC相比,(空间群$I4/mmm$)和低温下的面内条纹型反铁磁(AF)有序,112系统具有非中心对称结构(空间群$P2_{1}$),在Ca/Ca之间具有额外的锯齿形砷链。La层和磁基态具有相似的波矢$\mathbf{Q}_{\mathrm{AF}}$,但母体化合物中有序矩的取向不同。我们的INS研究清楚地表明,在超导CaLa-112的面内色散和自旋激发的带宽密切相似的122系统。当总涨落矩$\langle m^2 \rangle\approx 4.6\pm0.2 μ_B^2$ /Fe大于122系统时,动力学关联长度相近($ξ\approx 10$)。这些结果表明,砷化铁的超导电性可能有一个共同的磁起源下类似的磁交换耦合与本地的时刻和巡回电子的双重性质,尽管他们不同的磁性图案和晶格对称性。
Competing Extended-$s$- and $d$-Wave Pairing from Distinct Spin-Fluctuation Channels in Stoichiometric $\mathrm{FeTe}$
Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学);Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心);State Key Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials, Department of Physics, and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Quantum Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)(南方科技大学)