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arXiv 1012.4906astro-ph.COgr-qc
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宇宙的加速膨胀

On the accelerated expansion of the cosmos

Dominik J. Schwarz, Benedict Bahr-Kalus, Marina Seikel

摘要:

我们对宇宙加速膨胀的证据作了一个简短的(必然是不完整的)回顾。最直接的加速探测依赖于对Ia型超新星(SN)的详细研究。假设这些都是可测量的蜡烛,并且它们对均匀和各向同性的宇宙进行了相当的采样,那么加速的证据可以以一种独立于模型和校准的方式进行测试。已经提出并测试了各种光变曲线拟合程序。虽然几个拟合器为所谓的宪法集给出了一致的结果,但它们导致最近发布的SDSS SN的结果不一致。采用SALT拟合器并依赖于Union集,宇宙加速度在7 sigma(假设空间平坦度)和4 sigma(不假设空间几何)时通过纯运动学测试检测。所描述的方法的弱点是SN的局部集合(在z < 0.2处),因为这些SN对于锚定哈勃图是必不可少的。这些SN是从比哈勃体积小得多的体积中提取的,可能会受到局部结构的影响。如果没有均匀性的假设,就没有加速的证据,因为加速的影响随着不均匀性的影响而退化。除非我们位于宇宙的中心,否则这种不均匀性可以通过检验哈勃流的各向同性来约束SN观测。

英文摘要:

We present a short (and necessarily incomplete) review of the evidence for the accelerated expansion of the Universe. The most direct probe of acceleration relies on the detailed study of supernovae (SN) of type Ia. Assuming that these are standardizable candles and that they fairly sample a homogeneous and isotropic Universe, the evidence for acceleration can be tested in a model- and calibration-independent way. Various light-curve fitting procedures have been proposed and tested. While several fitters give consistent results for the so-called Constitution set, they lead to inconsistent results for the recently released SDSS SN. Adopting the SALT fitter and relying on the Union set, cosmic acceleration is detected by a purely kinematic test at 7 sigma when spatial flatness is assumed and at 4 sigma without assumption on the spatial geometry. A weak point of the described method is the local set of SN (at z < 0.2), as these SN are essential to anchor the Hubble diagram. These SN are drawn from a volume much smaller than the Hubble volume and could be affected by local structure. Without the assumption of homogeneity, there is no evidence for acceleration, as the effects of acceleration are degenerate with the effects of inhomogeneities. Unless we sit in the centre of the Universe, such inhomogeneities can be constrained by SN observations by means of tests of the isotropy of the Hubble flow.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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