奇异运动、加速膨胀和宇宙轴
Peculiar motions, accelerated expansion and the cosmological axis
摘要：
任何观测者相对于光滑的哈勃流运动时，特殊的速度都会改变其膨胀率。因此，像我们银河系这样的星系中的观测者可以在全球减速的宇宙中体验加速膨胀，即使漂移速度很小。这种影响是局部的，但受影响的尺度可能大到足以给人一种错误的印象，即整个宇宙最近进入了一个加速阶段。一般来说，奇特的速度也与偶极类各向异性有关，由它们引入优选的空间方向的事实触发。这意味着观测者由于自身的漂移运动而经历局部加速膨胀，也可能发现加速度在一个方向上最大，在相反方向上最小。我们认为，通常情况下，这样的偶极各向异性应该是相对较小的轴应该位于相当接近的宇宙微波背景的频谱中看到的。
英文摘要：
Peculiar velocities change the expansion rate of any observer moving relative to the smooth Hubble flow. As a result, observers in a galaxy like our Milky Way can experience accelerated expansion within a globally decelerating universe, even when the drift velocities are small. The effect is local, but the affected scales can be large enough to give the false impression that the whole cosmos has recently entered an accelerating phase. Generally, peculiar velocities are also associated with dipole-like anisotropies, triggered by the fact that they introduce a preferred spatial direction. This implies that observers experiencing locally accelerated expansion, as a result of their own drift motion, may also find that the acceleration is maximised in one direction and minimised in the opposite. We argue that, typically, such a dipole anisotropy should be relatively small and the axis should probably lie fairly close to the one seen in the spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background.
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