We show (among other things) that Brauer's k(B)-conjecture holds for defect groups with are central extensions of metacyclic 2-groups by cyclic groups. The same holds for defect groups which contain a central cyclic subgroup of index at most 9. In particular the k(B)-conjecture holds for 2-blocks of defect at most 4 and 3-blocks of defect at most 3. As a byproduct we obtain the block invariants of 2-blocks with minimal nonmetacyclic defect groups.
Using the combinatorial information of a Brauer configuration is possible to compute each entry of the Cartan matrix of the algebra associated to the Brauer configuration.
In this note we give applications of recent results coming mostly from the third paper of this series. It is shown that the number of irreducible characters in a $p$-block of a finite group with abelian defect group $D$ is bounded by $|D|$ (Brauer's $k(B)$-Conjecture) provided $D$ has no large elementary abelian direct summands. Moreover, we verify Brauer's $k(B)$-Conjecture for all blocks with minimal non-abelian defect groups. This extends previous results by various authors.
For a block $B$ of a finite group we prove that $k(B)\le(\det C-1)/l(B)+l(B)\le\det C$ where $k(B)$ (respectively $l(B)$) is the number of irreducible ordinary (respectively Brauer) characters of $B$, and $C$ is the Cartan matrix of $B$. As an application, we show that Brauer's $k(B)$-Conjecture holds for every block with abelian defect group $D$ and inertial quotient $T$ provided there exists an element $u\in D$ such that $C_T(u)$ acts freely on $D/<u>$. This gives a new proof of Brauer's Conjecture for abelian defect groups of rank at most $2$. We also prove the conjecture in case $l(B)\le 3…
We prove Brauer's k(B)-Conjecture for the 3-blocks with abelian defect groups of rank at most 5 and for all 3-blocks of defect at most 4. For this purpose we develop a computer algorithm to construct isotypies based on a method of Usami and Puig. This leads further to some previously unknown perfect isometries for the 5-blocks of defect 2. We also investigate basic sets which are compatible under the action of the inertial group.
Let $G$ be a finite group and $N$ be a normal subgroup of $G$. Let $J=J(F[N])$ denote the Jacboson radical of $F[N]$ and $I={\rm Ann}(J)=\{α\in F[G]|Jα=0\}$. We have another algebra $F[G]/I$. We study the decomposition of Cartan matrix of $F[G]$ according to $F[G/N]$ and $F[G]/I$. This decomposition establishs some connections between Cartan invariants and chief composition factors of $G$. We find that existing zero-defect $p$-block in $N$ depends on the properties of $I$ in $F[G]$ or Cartan invariants. When we consider the Cartan invariants for a block algebra $B$ of $G$, the decomposition is…
Brauer Theory for a finite group can be viewed as a method for comparing the representations of the group in characteristic 0 with those in prime characteristic. Here we generalize much of the machinery of Brauer theory to the setting of profinite groups. By regarding Grothendieck groups as functors we describe corresponding Grothendieck groups for profinite groups, and generalize the decomposition map, regarded as a natural transformation. We discuss characters and Brauer characters for profinite groups. We give a functorial description of the block theory of a profinite group. We finish with…
In this article we calculate two aspects of the representation theory of a Brauer configuration algebra: its Cartan matrix, and the module length of its associated indecomposable projective modules. Then we introduce the concept of subgroup-occurrence of an element in a group and use the previous aspects to demonstrate combinatorial equalities satisfied for any finite group.
We derive explicit formulas for the inverses of the Cartan matrices of the simple Lie algebras and the basic classical Lie superalgebras, as well as for their infinite generalizations.
In this short note, we show some inequalities on Cartan matrices, centers and socles of blocks of group algebras. Our main theorems are generalizations of the facts on dimension of Reynolds ideals.
All inequivalent Cartan matrices (in other words, inequivalent systems of simple roots) of the ten simple exceptional finite dimensional Lie superalgebras in characteristic 3, recently identified by Cunha and Elduque as constituents of Elduque's superization of the Freudenthal Magic Square, are listed together with defining relations between analogs of their Chevalley generators.
We construct an infinite tower of irreducible calibrated representations of periplectic Brauer algebras on which the cup-cap generators act by nonzero matrices. As representations of the symmetric group, these are exterior powers of the standard representation (i.e. hook representations). Our approach uses the recently-defined degenerate affine periplectic Brauer algebra, which plays a role similar to that of the degenerate affine Hecke algebra in representation theory of the symmetric group. We write formulas for the representing matrices in the basis of Jucys--Murphy eigenvectors and we comp…
Recently Alberto Elduque listed all simple and graded modulo 2 finite dimensional Lie algebras and superalgebras whose odd component is the spinor representation of the orthogonal Lie algebra equal to the even component, and discovered one exceptional such Lie superalgebra in characteristic 5. For this Lie superalgebra all inequivalent Cartan matrices (in other words, inequivalent systems of simple roots) are listed together with defining relations between analogs of its Chevalley generators.
We introduce and study a class of Iwanaga-Gorenstein algebras defined via quivers with relations associated with symmetrizable Cartan matrices. These algebras generalize the path algebras of quivers associated with symmetric Cartan matrices. We also define a corresponding class of generalized preprojective algebras. Without any assumption on the ground field, we obtain new representation-theoretic realizations of all finite root systems.
In this paper we present an algorithm for efficiently counting fixed points in a finite monoid $M$ under a conjugacy-like action. We then prove a formula for the character table of $M$ in terms of fixed points and radical, which allows for the effective computation of the character table of $M$ over a field of null characteristic, as well as its Cartan matrix, using a formula from [Thiéry '12], again in terms of fixed points. We discuss the implementation details of the resulting algorithms and provide benchmarks of their performances.
We first review some invariant theoretic results about the finite subgroups of SU(2) in a quick algebraic way by using the McKay correspondence and quantum affine Cartan matrices. By the way it turns out that some parameters (a,b,h;p,q,r) that one usually associates with such a group and hence with a simply-laced Coxeter-Dynkin diagram have a meaningful definition for the non-simply-laced diagrams, too, and as a byproduct we extend Saito's formula for the determinant of the Cartan matrix to all cases. Returning to invariant theory we show that for each irreducible representation i of a binary …
We explore some interesting features of the characteristic polynomial of the Cartan matrix of a simple Lie algebra. The characteristic polynomial is closely related with the Chebyshev polynomials of first and second kind. In addition, we give explicit formulas for the characteristic polynomial of the Coxeter adjacency matrix, we compute the associated polynomials and use them to derive the Coxeter polynomial of the underlying graph. We determine the expression of the Coxeter and associated polynomials as a product of cyclotomic factors. We use this data to propose an algorithm for factoring Ch…
We realize the enveloping algebra of the positive part of a semisimple complex Lie algebra as a convolution algebra of constructible functions on module varieties of some Iwanaga-Gorenstein algebras of dimension 1.
For any given symmetrizable Cartan matrix $C$ with a symmetrizer $D$, Geiß~ et al. (2016) introduced a generalized preprojective algebra $Π(C, D)$. We study tilting modules and support $τ$-tilting modules for the generalized preprojective algebra $Π(C, D)$ and show that there is a bijection between the set of all cofinite tilting ideals of $Π(C,D)$ and the corresponding Weyl group $W(C)$ provided that $C$ has no component of Dynkin type. When $C$ is of Dynkin type, we also establish a bijection between the set of all basic support $τ$-tilting $Π(C,D)$-modules and the corresponding Weyl group $…
The analogs of Chevalley generators are offered for simple (and close to them) Z-graded complex Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras of polynomial growth without Cartan matrix. We show how to derive the defining relations between these generators and explicitly write them for a "most natural" ("distinguished" in terms of Penkov and Serganova) system of simple roots. The results are given mainly for Lie superalgebras whose component of degree zero is a Lie algebra (other cases being left to the reader). Observe presentations of exceptional Lie superalgebras and Lie superalgebras of hamiltonian ve…
We identify the dimension of the centralizer of the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_d$ in the partition algebra $\mathcal{A}_d(δ)$ and in the Brauer algebra $\mathcal{B}_d(δ)$ with the number of multidigraphs with $d$ arrows and the number of disjoint union of directed cycles with $d$ arrows, respectively. Using Schur-Weyl duality as a fundamental theory, we conclude that each centralizer is related with the $G$-invariant space $P^d(M_n(\mathbf{k}))^G$ of degree $d$ homogeneous polynomials on $n \times n$ matrices, where $G$ is the orthogonal group and the group of permutation matrices, respecti…
Recently, a new conjecture on the degrees of the irreducible Brauer characters of a finite group was presented by the second author. In this paper we propose a 'local' version of this conjecture for blocks B of finite groups, giving a lower bound for the maximal degree of an irreducible Brauer character belonging to B in terms of the dimension of B and well-known invariants like the defect and the number of irreducible Brauer characters. We also propose a weaker version of this conjecture for which a slight reformulation leads to interesting open questions about traces of Cartan matrices of bl…
A $q$-analogue of combinatorics concerning the Cartan matrix for the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of type $A$ is investigated. We give several descriptions for the determinant of the graded Cartan matrix, which imply some combinatorial identities. A conjectural expression for the elementary divisors is also presented.
Cartan matrices are of fundamental importance in representation theory. For algebras defined by quivers (i.e. directed graphs) with relations the computation of the entries of the Cartan matrix amounts to counting nonzero paths in the quivers, leading naturally to a combinatorial setting. In this paper we study a refined version, so-called q-Cartan matrices, where each nonzero path is weighted by a power of an indeterminant q according to its length. Specializing q=1 gives the classical Cartan matrix. Our main motivation are derived module categories and their invariants: the invariant factors…
For $k \ge 1$ we consider the $K$-algebra $H(k) := H(C,kD,Ω)$ associated to a symmetrizable Cartan matrix $C$, a symmetrizer $D$, and an orientation $Ω$ of $C$, which was defined in Part 1. We construct and analyse a reduction functor from rep$(H(k))$ to rep$(H(k-1))$. As a consequence we show that the canonical decomposition of rank vectors for $H(k)$ does not depend on $k$, and that the rigid locally free $H(k)$-modules are up to isomorphism in bijection with the rigid locally free $H(k-1)$-modules. Finally, we show that for a rigid locally free $H(k)$-module of a given rank vector the Euler…
We give an interpretation of the $(q,t)$-deformed Cartan matrices of finite type and their inverses in terms of bigraded modules over the generalized preprojective algebras of Langlands dual type in the sense of Geiß-Leclerc-Schröer [Invent. math. 209 (2017)]. As an application, we compute the first extension groups between the generic kernels introduced by Hernandez-Leclerc [J. Eur. Math. Soc. 18 (2016)], and propose a conjecture that their dimensions coincide with the pole orders of the normalized $R$-matrices between the corresponding Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules.
We realize the enveloping algebra of the positive part of a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra as a convolution algebra of constructible functions on module varieties of some Iwanaga-Gorenstein algebras of dimension 1.
We generalize Lusztig's nilpotent varieties, and Kashiwara and Saito's geometric construction of crystal graphs from the symmetric to the symmetrizable case. We also construct semicanonical functions in the convolution algebras of generalized preprojective algebras. Conjecturally these functions yield semicanonical bases of the enveloping algebras of the positive part of symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras.
We completely describe presentations of Lie superalgebras with Cartan matrix if they are simple Z-graded of polynomial growth. Such matrices can be neither integer nor symmetrizable. There are non-Serre relations encountered. In certain cases there are infinitely many relations. Our results are applicable to the Lie algebras with the same Cartan matrices as the Lie superalgebras considered.
To each symmetrizable Cartan matrix, we associate a finite free EI category. We prove that the corresponding category algebra is isomorphic to the algebra defined in [C. Geiss, B. Leclerc, and J. Schröer, Quivers with relations for symmetrizable Cartan matrices I: Foundations, Invent. Math. 209 (2017), 61--158], which is associated to another symmetrizable Cartan matrix. In certain cases, the algebra isomorphism provides an algebraic enrichment of the well-known correspondence between symmetrizable Cartan matrices and graphs with automorphisms.
We present a strong upper bound on the number k(B) of irreducible characters of a p-block B of a finite group G in terms of local invariants. More precisely, the bound depends on a chosen major B-subsection (u,b), its normalizer N_G(\langle u\rangle,b) in the fusion system and a weighted sum of the Cartan invariants of b. In this way we strengthen and unify previous bounds given by Brauer, Wada, Külshammer--Wada, Héthelyi--Külshammer--Sambale and the present author.
We consider graded Cartan matrices of the symmetric groups and the Iwahori-Hecke algebras of type A, which have entries in the ring $\mathbb Z[v,v^{-1}]$. These matrices may also be interpreted as Gram matrices of the Shapovalov form on sums of weight spaces of a basic representation of an affine quantum group. We present a conjecture predicting the invariant factors of these matrices and give evidence for the conjecture by proving its implications under a localization and certain specializations of the ring $\mathbb Z[v,v^{-1}]$. This proves and generalizes a conjecture of Ando-Suzuki-Yamada …
We classify the orbits of coquasi-triangular structures for the Hopf algebra E(n) under the action of lazy cocycles and the Hopf automorphism group. This is applied to detect subgroups of the Brauer group $BQ(k,E(n))$ of E(n) that are isomorphic. For a triangular structure $R$ on E(n) we prove that the subgroup $BM(k,E(n),R)$ of $BQ(k,E(n))$ arising from $R$ is isomorphic to a direct product of $BW(k)$, the Brauer-Wall group of the ground field $k$, and $Sym_n(k)$, the group of $n \times n$ symmetric matrices under addition. For a general quasi-triangular structure $R'$ on E(n) we construct a …
We study the class of weighted locally gentle quivers. This naturally extends the class of gentle quivers and gentle algebras, which have been intensively studied in the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras, to a wider class of potentially infinite-dimensional algebras. Weights on the arrows of these quivers lead to gradings on the corresponding algebras. For the natural grading by path lengths, any locally gentle algebra is a Koszul algebra. Our main result is a general combinatorial formula for the determinant of the weighted Cartan matrix of a weighted locally gentle quiver.…
We generalize the Caldero-Chapoton formula for cluster algebras of finite type to the skew-symmetrizable case. This is done by replacing representation categories of Dynkin quivers by categories of locally free modules over certain Iwanaga-Gorenstein algebras introduced in Part I. The proof relies on the realization of the positive part of the enveloping algebra of a simple Lie algebra of the same finite type as a convolution algebra of constructible functions on representation varieties of $H$, given in Part III. Along the way, we obtain a new result on the PBW basis of this convolution algeb…
Let C be a coalgebra and consider the Grothendieck groups of the categories of the socle-finite injective right and left C-comodules. One of the main aims of the paper is to study Coxeter transformation, and its dual, of a pointed sharp Euler coalgebra C, and to relate the action of these transformations on a class of indecomposable finitely cogenerated C-comodules N with almost split sequences starting or ending with N. We also show that if C is a pointed K-coalgebra such that the every vertex of the left Gabriel quiver of C has only finitely many neighbours, then for any indecomposable non-p…
Külshammer, Olsson and Robinson conjectured that a certain set of numbers determined the invariant factors of the $\ell$-Cartan matrix for $S_n$ (equivalently, the invariant factors of the Cartan matrix for the Iwahori-Hecke algebra $\mathcal{H}_n(q)$, where $q$ is a primitive $\ell$th root of unity). We call these invariant factors Cartan invariants. In a previous paper, the second author calculated these Cartan invariants when $\ell=p^r$, $p$ prime, and $r\leq p$ and went on to conjecture that the formulae should hold for all $r$. Another result was obtained, which is surprising and counteri…
Two classes of avalanche-finite matrices and their critical groups (integer cokernels) are studied from the viewpoint of chip-firing/sandpile dynamics, namely, the Cartan matrices of finite root systems and the McKay-Cartan matrices for finite subgroups G of general linear groups. In the root system case, the recurrent and superstable configurations are identified explicitly and are related to minuscule dominant weights. In the McKay-Cartan case for finite subgroups of the special linear group, the cokernel is related to the abelianization of the subgroup G. In the special case of the classica…
The space of $n \times m$ complex matrices can be regarded as an algebraic variety on which the group ${\bf GL}_n \times {\bf GL}_m$ acts. There is a rich interaction between geometry and representation theory in this example. In an important paper, de Concini, Eisenbud, and Procesi classified the equivariant ideals in the coordinate ring. More recently, we proved a noetherian result for families of equivariant modules as $n$ and $m$ vary. In this paper, we establish analogs of these results for the space of $(n|n) \times (m|m)$ isomeric matrices with respect to the action of ${\bf Q}_n \times…
We use the theory of Clifford algebras and Vahlen groups to study Weyl groups of hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras T_n^{++}, obtained by a process of double extension from a Cartan matrix of finite type T_n, whose corresponding generalized Cartan matrices are symmetric.
We give a classification, up to Morita equivalence, of 2-blocks of quasi-simple groups with abelian defect groups. As a consequence, we show that Donovan's conjecture holds for elementary abelian 2-groups, and that the entries of the Cartan matrices are bounded in terms of the defect for arbitrary abelian 2-groups. We also show that a block with defect groups of the form $C_{2^m} \times C_{2^m}$ for $m \geq 2$ has one of two Morita equivalence types and hence is Morita equivalent to the Brauer correspondent block of the normaliser of a defect group. This completes the analysis of the Morita eq…
