Oleg N. German
In this paper we prove inequalities for multiplicative analogues of Diophantine exponents, similar to the ones known in the classical case. Particularly, we show that a matrix is badly approximable if and only if its transpose is badly approximable and establish some inequalities connecting multiplicative exponents with ordinary ones.
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In this paper we prove transference inequalities for regular and uniform Diophantine exponents in the weighted setting. Our results generalize the corresponding inequalities that exist in the `non-weighted' case.
Khintchine's and Dyson's transference theorems can be very easily deduced from Mahler's transference theorem. In the multiplicative setting an obstacle appears, which does not allow deducing the multiplicative transference theorem immediately from Mahler's theorem. Some extra considerations are required, for instance, induction by the dimension. In this paper we propose an analogue of Mahler's theorem which implies the multiplicative transference theorem immediately.
In this paper we improve estimates of Jarnik and Apfelbeck for uniform Diophantine exponents of transposed systems of linear forms and generalize to the case of an arbitrary system the estimates of Laurent and Bugeaud for individual exponents. The method proposed also gives a better constant in Mahler's transference theorem.
We extend the Khintchine transference inequalities, as well as a homogeneous-inhomogeneous transference inequality for lattices, due to Bugeaud and Laurent, to a weighted setting. We also provide applications to inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation on manifolds and to weighted badly approximable vectors. Finally, we interpret and prove a conjecture of Beresnevich-Velani (2010) about inhomogeneous intermediate exponents.
Diophantine transference principle over function fields
本文研究函数域上的丢番图转移原理，通过适配 Beresnevich 和 Velani 的方法，将齐次丢番图逼近结果推广至非齐次情形，导出非齐次 Baker-Sprindzuk 猜想，并证明了一般非极值情形的上界。
Moment transference principles and multiplicative diophantine approximation on hypersurfaces
该研究确定了超曲面上的一般乘法丢番图逼近速率，分析了四种不同情形，并利用傅里叶空间中的几何与算术方法建立了矩转移原理通用框架，实现了勒贝格数据到其他测度数据的转换。
By introducing a ubiquity property for rectangles, we prove the mass transference principle from rectangles to rectangles, i.e., if a sequence of rectangles forms a ubiquity system (a full measure property), then the limsup set defined by shrinking these rectangles to smaller rectangles has full Hausdorff measure or to say transfer a full measure property to a full Hausdorff measure property for brevity. The limsup sets generated by balls or generated by rectangles appear at the most fundamental level in Diophantine approximation: one follows from Dirichlet's theorem, the other follows from Mi…
In this paper we consider a multiparametric version of Wolfgang Schmidt and Leonard Summerer's parametric geometry of numbers. We apply this approach in two settings: the first one concerns weighted Diophantine approximation, the second one concerns Diophantine exponents of lattices. In both settings we use multiparametric approach to define intermediate exponents. Then we split the weighted version of Dyson's transference theorem and an analogue of Khintchine's transference theorem for Diophantine exponents of lattices into chains of inequalities between the intermediate exponents we define b…
This paper is a sequel to our previous paper arXiv:1105.1554, where we defined two types of intermediate Diophantine exponents, connected them to Schmidt exponents and split Dyson's transference inequality into a chain of inequalities for intermediate exponents. Here we present splitting of some other transference inequalities involving both regular and uniform Diophantine exponents.
We provide an extension of the transference results of Beresnevich and Velani connecting homogeneous and inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation on manifolds and provide bounds for inhomogeneous Diophantine exponents of affine subspaces and their nondegenerate submanifolds.
This paper has been withdrawn by the author.
In this paper we adapt parametric geometry of numbers developed by Wolfgang Schmidt and Leonard Summerer to a multiplicative setting, and derive a chain of inequalities for the corresponding exponents which splits the transference inequality for Diophantine exponents of lattices in the same way Khintchine's transference inequalities for simultaneous approximation can be split.
In a landmark paper, D.Y. Kleinbock and G.A. Margulis established the fundamental Baker-Sprindzuk conjecture on homogeneous Diophantine approximation on manifolds. Subsequently, there has been dramatic progress in this area of research. However, the techniques developed to date do not seem to be applicable to inhomogeneous approximation. Consequently, the theory of inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation on manifolds remains essentially non-existent. In this paper we develop an approach that enables us to transfer homogeneous statements to inhomogeneous ones. This is rather surprising as the i…
In this paper we define Diophantine exponents of lattices and investigate some of their properties. We prove transference inequalities and construct some examples with the help of Schmidt's subspace theorem.
In this paper we develop some of the ideas belonging to W.Schmidt and L.Summerer to define intermediate Diophantine exponents and split Dyson's transference inequality into a chain of inequalities for intermediate exponents. This splitting generalizes the analogous result of M.Laurent and Y.Bugeaud for Khintchine's transference inequalities.
Analogues of Khintchine's Theorem in simultaneous Diophantine approximation in the plane are proved with the classical height replaced by fairly general planar distance functions or equivalently star bodies. Khintchine's transference principle is discussed for distance functions and a direct proof for the multiplicative version is given. A transference principle is also established for a different distance function.
A dimensional mass transference principle from balls to open sets and applications to dynamical Diophantine approximation
本文提出了一种从球体到开集的维度质量转移原理，用于解决动力学迪奥菲尼逼近中的缩小目标问题，并揭示了热力学正式主义与该领域的新联系。
This is a revised compilation of the papers arXiv:1105.1554 and arXiv:1105.5823. We develop some of the ideas belonging to W.Schmidt and L.Summerer to define intermediate Diophantine exponents and split several transference inequalities into a chain of inequalities for intermediate exponents.
In 1998, Kleinbock & Margulis established a conjecture of V.G. Sprindzuk in metrical Diophantine approximation (and indeed the stronger Baker-Sprindzuk conjecture). In essence the conjecture stated that the simultaneous homogeneous Diophantine exponent $w_{0}(\vv x) = 1/n$ for almost every point $\vv x$ on a non-degenerate submanifold $\cM$ of $\R^n$. In this paper the simultaneous inhomogeneous analogue of Sprindzuk's conjecture is established. More precisely, for any `inhomogeneous' vector $\bmθ\in\R^n$ we prove that the simultaneous inhomogeneous Diophantine exponent $w_{0}(\vv x, \bmθ)= 1/…
We refine Khintchine Transference Principle which relates the measure of simultaneous rational approximation of an $n$ real numbers with the measure of linear independence of these $n$ numbers. Khintchine's inequalities are known to be optimal. However, they may be sharpened by taking into account two further uniform exponents.
Diophantine approximation and the Mass Transference Principle: incorporating the unbounded setup
本文将 Wang 与 Wu 的矩形质量转移原理推广到边长低阶为无穷大的无界情形，并据此确定联立丢番图逼近和收缩目标问题中自然 limsup 集的 Hausdorff 维数。
In Diophantine approximation, inhomogeneous problems are linked with homogeneous ones by means of the so-called Transference Theorems. We revisit this classical topic by introducing new exponents of Diophantine approximation. We prove that the exponent of approximation to a generic point in R^n by a system of n linear forms is equal to the inverse of the uniform homogeneous exponent associated to the system of dual forms.
We study multiplicative Diophantine approximation property of vectors and compute Diophantine exponents of hyperplanes via dynamics.
Let $Θ$ be a point in ${\bf R}^n$. We split the classical Khintchine's Transference Principle into $n-1$ intermediate estimates which connect exponents $ω_d(Θ)$ measuring the sharpness of the approximation to $Θ$ by linear rational varieties of dimension $d$, for $0\le d \le n-1$. We also review old and recent results related to these $n$ exponents.
We consider multiparameter dynamics on the space of unimolular lattices. Along with quantitative nondivergence we prove that multiplicative Diophantine exponents of hyperplanes are inherited by their nondegenerate submanifolds.
Geometry of Diophantine exponents
本综述探讨了丢番图指数及其满足的关系，介绍了经典丢番图指数、带权与乘性类似物及格的指数，并重点关注转换原理。
Answering two questions of Beresnevich and Velani, we develop zero-one laws in both simultaneous and multiplicative Diophantine approximation. Our proofs rely on a Cassels-Gallagher type theorem as well as a higher-dimensional analogue of the cross fibering principle of Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani.
Khintchine-type theorems for weighted uniform inhomogeneous approximations via transference principle
该研究推广了Kleinbock与Wadleigh提出的一致非齐次丢番图逼近零一律，引入任意权函数，基于转移原理给出简洁证明，刻画了带固定矩阵的$g$-Dirichlet对集合与坏逼近矩阵的性质，且相关测度结论适用于加权丢番图逼近。
Let $Θ=(α,β)$ be a point in $\bR^2$, with $1,α,β$ linearly independent over $\bQ$. We attach to $Θ$ a quadruple $Ω(Θ)$ of exponents which measure the quality of approximation to $Θ$ both by rational points and by rational lines. The two ``uniform'' components of $Ω(Θ)$ are related by an equation, due to Jarn{\'ı}k, and the four exponents satisfy two inequalities which refine Khintchine's transference principle. Conversely, we show that for any quadruple $Ω$ fulfilling these necessary conditions, there exists a point $Θ\in \bR^2$ for which $Ω(Θ) =Ω$.
Gallagher's theorem is a sharpening and extension of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all tuples of real numbers. We provide a fibre refinement, solving a problem posed by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani in 2015. Hitherto, this was only known on the plane, as previous approaches relied heavily on the theory of continued fractions. Using reduced successive minima in lieu of continued fractions, we develop the structural theory of Bohr sets of arbitrary rank, in the context of diophantine approximation. In addition, we generalise the theory and result to the inhomogeneous setting. …
We prove $S$-arithmetic inhomogeneous Khintchine type theorems on analytic nondegenerate manifolds. The divergence case, which constitutes the main substance of this paper, is proved in the general context of Hausdorff measures using ubiquitous systems. For $S$ consisting of more than one prime, finite or infinite, the divergence results are new even in the homogeneous setting. We also prove the convergence case of the theorem, including in particular, the $S$-arithmetic inhomogeneous counterpart of the Baker-Sprindžuk conjectures using nondivergence estimates for flows on homogeneous spaces i…
Let $α$ and $β$ be irrational real numbers and $0<\F<1/30$. We prove a precise estimate for the number of positive integers $q\leq Q$ that satisfy $\|qα\|\cdot\|qβ\|<\F$. If we choose $\F$ as a function of $Q$ we get asymptotics as $Q$ gets large, provided $\F Q$ grows quickly enough in terms of the (multiplicative) Diophantine type of $(α,β)$, e.g., if $(α,β)$ is a counterexample to Littlewood's conjecture then we only need that $\F Q$ tends to infinity. Our result yields a new upper bound on sums of reciprocals of products of fractional parts, and sheds some light on a recent question of Lê …
We establish a strong form of Littlewood's conjecture with inhomogeneous shifts, for a full-dimensional set of pairs of badly approximable numbers on a vertical line. We also prove a uniform assertion of this nature, generalising a strong form of a result by Haynes, Jensen and Kristensen. Finally, we establish a similar result involving inhomogeneously badly approximable numbers, making progress towards a problem posed by Pollington, Velani, Zafeiropoulos and Zorin.
There are two main interrelated goals of this paper. Firstly we investigate the sums \[ S_N(α,γ):=\sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{n\|nα-γ\|}~~~\text{and}~~~ R_N(α,γ):=\sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{\|nα-γ\|}\,, \] where $α$ and $γ$ are real parameters and $\|\cdot\|$ is the distance to the nearest integer. Our theorems improve upon previous results of W. M. Schmidt and others, and are (up to constants) best possible. Related to the above sums, we also obtain upper and lower bounds for the cardinality of \[ \{1\le n\le N:\|nα-γ\|<\varepsilon\} \, , \] valid for all sufficiently large $N$ and all sufficiently small …
Multiplicative structure of shifted multiplicative subgroups and its applications to Diophantine tuples
研究移位乘法子群的乘法结构及其与加性组合学和丢番图方程理论的联系，提出新的结果，包括改进的上界和对Sárközy猜想的进展。
Decidability of multiplicative matrix equations and related Diophantine problems
本文研究了代数数域上乘法矩阵方程的可判定性，通过有效方法分析丢番图问题，提出了解的大小和数量的显式界，并探讨了对称矩阵系统的相关计数问题。
We prove over fields of power series the analogues of several Diophantine approximation results obtained over the field of real numbers. In particular we establish the power series analogue of Kronecker's theorem for matrices, together with a quantitative form of it, which can also be seen as a transference inequality between uniform approximation and inhomogeneous approximation. Special attention is devoted to the one dimensional case. Namely, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on an irrational power series $α$ which ensures that, for some positive $\eps$, the set $$ \liminf_{Q \in …
Lüroth Expansions in Diophantine Approximation: Metric Properties and Conjectures
本文研究吕罗良逼近数的度量性质，补充证明谭-周测度论命题，用质量转移原理推广曹-吴-张维数结果，构造反例修正谭-周维数猜想并给出部分结果。
In this paper we study $p$-adic Diophantine approximation on manifolds, specifically multiplicative Diophantine approximation on affine subspaces and a Diophantine dichotomy for analytic $p$-adic manifolds.
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a non-degenerate planar curve. We show that the curve is of Khintchine-type for convergence in the case of simultaneous approximation with two independent approximation functions; that is if a certain sum converges then the set of all points $(x,y)$ on the curve which satisfy simultaneously the inequalities $\| q x \| < ψ_1(q)$ and $\| qy \| < ψ_2(q)$ infinitely often has induced measure 0. This completes the metric theory for the Lebesgue case. Further, for the cae of multiplicative approximation $\| qx \| \| q y \| < ψ(q)$, we establish a Hausdorff measure convergence re…
Multiplicative Diophantine Approximation on Planar Lines with Restricted Denominators
本文研究了平面直线上具有限制分母的乘法丢番图逼近问题，推导了收敛条件并给出了Hausdorff维度的上界。
Using the Parametric Geometry of Numbers introduced recently by W.M. Schmidt and L. Summerer and results by D. Roy, we show that German's transference inequalities between the two most classical exponents of uniform Diophantine approximation are optimal. Further, we establish that the spectrum of the $n$ uniform exponents of Diophantine approximation in dimension $n$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with non empty interior. Thus, no Jarník-type relation holds between them.
Simultaneous and multiplicative Diophantine approximation on missing-digit fractals
本文研究缺失数字分形上的丢番图逼近度量理论，建立了欣钦定理和加拉格尔定理的类比及非齐次推广。
Jarník's relation is in dimension $2$ the formula $\hatλ + \frac{1}{\hatω} = 1$ linking both uniform exponents. It is an open question to generalize this equation to higher dimension, or to the multiplicative case. In this paper we consider a twisted case, between the classical and the multiplicative one, and we show that no analogue to Jarník's relation holds.
Non-Salem sets in multiplicative Diophantine approximation
本文回答了Cai-Hambrook的问题，计算了乘法ψ-良逼近集的傅里叶维数，并证明对τ>1，集合M_2^×(q↦q^{-τ})是非Salem的。
Rational Points in Hyperbolic Regions and Multiplicative Diophantine Approximation on Manifolds
该研究解决了非退化流形和仿射子空间的乘法丢番图逼近收敛理论问题，改进了相关强极值性结果。
We prove a strong simultaneous Diophantine approximation theorem for values of additive and multiplicative functions provided that the functions have certain regularity on the primes.
The dimension of well approximable numbers
本文综述了受Besicovitch结果启发的丢番图逼近核心主题，重点介绍了Mass Transference Principle、Ubiquity及流形与分形上的逼近进展，并揭示了数论与分形几何的联系及开放问题。
The dispersion of dilated lacunary sequences, with applications in multiplicative Diophantine approximation
本文研究 Hadamard 空隙序列膨胀集模 1 的最大间隙，证明存在膨胀因子使间隙阶至多为 (log N)/N，且对几乎所有的膨胀因子该阶至多为 (log N)^{2+ε}/N，并由此改进乘法丢番图逼近中 Littlewood 问题非齐次版本的上界。
Hausdorff measure and Fourier dimensions of limsup sets arising in weighted and multiplicative Diophantine approximation
本文研究了加权和乘法Diophantine逼近中出现的limsup集的Lebesgue测度、Hausdorff测度和Fourier维度，提供了零-全律判定准则，并确定了这些集的精确Fourier维度。
Let $ζ$ be a real transcendental number. We introduce a new method to find upper bounds for the classical exponent $\widehat{w}_{n}(ζ)$ concerning uniform polynomial approximation. Our method is based on the parametric geometry of numbers introduced by Schmidt and Summerer, and transference of the original approximation problem in dimension $n$ to suitable higher dimensions. For large $n$, we can provide an unconditional bound of order $\widehat{w}_{n}(ζ)\leq 2n-2+o(1)$. While this improves the bound of order $2n-\frac{3}{2}+o(1)$ due to Bugeaud and the author, it is unfortunately slightly wea…
Central Limit Theorems in Multiplicative Diophantine Approximation
本文研究了乘法丢番图逼近问题中的整数解数量，通过分析同质空间上的测度相关性及Siegel变换估计，证明了计数函数在分布上收敛于正态分布。
Multiplicative Diophantine approximation with restricted denominators
本文研究了带限制分母的乘性丢番图逼近问题，完全确定了满足特定不等式无限次的点集的Hausdorff维数，并基于Hausdorff测度的一般收敛性结果得出结论。
In 1962, Gallagher proved an higher dimensional version of Khintchine's theorem on Diophantine approximation. Gallagher's theorem states that for any non-increasing approximation function $ψ:\mathbb{N}\to (0,1/2)$ with $\sum_{q=1}^{\infty} ψ(q)\log q=\infty$ and $γ=γ'=0$ the following set \[ \{(x,y)\in [0,1]^2: \|qx-γ\|\|qy-γ'\|<ψ(q) \text{ infinitely often}\} \] has full Lebesgue measure. Recently, Chow and Technau proved a fully inhomogeneous version (without restrictions on $γ,γ'$) of the above result. In this paper, we prove an Erdős-Vaaler type result for fibred multiplicative Diophantine…
In two dimensions, Gallagher's theorem is a strengthening of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all pairs of real numbers. We prove an inhomogeneous fibre version of Gallagher's theorem, sharpening and making unconditional a result recently obtained conditionally by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani. The idea is to find large generalised arithmetic progressions within inhomogeneous Bohr sets, extending a construction given by Tao. This precise structure enables us to verify the hypotheses of the Duffin--Schaeffer theorem for the problem at hand, via the geometry of numbers.
Submanifold-genericity of $\mathbb{R}^d$-actions and uniform multiplicative Diophantine approximation
本文为$\mathbb{R}^d$-作用证明了涉及膨胀子流形平均的新遍历定理，给出有效混合假设下的误差项定量估计，并据此研究了实系数矩阵的乘性Dirichlet可改进性，证明了几乎所有矩阵的一致逼近性，提出了Littlewood猜想的强化问题。
Given $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and $τ>\frac1n$, let $\mathcal{S}_n(τ)$ denote the classical set of $τ$-approximable points in $\mathbb{R}^n$, which consists of ${\bf x}\in \mathbb{R}^n$ that lie within distance $q^{-τ-1}$ from the lattice $\frac1q\mathbb{Z}^n$ for infinitely many $q\in\mathbb{N}$. In pioneering work, Kleinbock $\&$ Margulis showed that for any non-degenerate submanifold $\mathcal{M}$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and any $τ>\frac1n$ almost all points on $\mathcal{M}$ are not $τ$-approximable. Numerous subsequent papers have been geared towards strengthening this result through investigating the H…
The use of Hausdorff measures and dimension in the theory of Diophantine approximation dates back to the 1920s with the theorems of Jarnik and Besicovitch regarding well-approximable and badly-approximable points. In this paper we consider three inhomogeneous problems that further develop these classical results. Firstly, we obtain a Jarnik type theorem for the set of multiplicatively approximable points in the plane. This Hausdorff measure statement does not reduce to Gallagher's Lebesgue measure statement as one might expect and is new even in the homogeneous setting. Next, we establish a Ja…
Effective equidistribution for multiplicative Diophantine approximation on lines
本文通过证明 SL(3,R)/SL(3,Z) 中幂幺轨道的有效等分布，将 Littlewood 猜想在直线上几乎处处加强了两个对数因子，并利用对偶 Bohr 集理论改进 Kleinbock 的收敛结果及齐性空间对数律。
The Duffin-Schaeffer Conjecture for multiplicative Diophantine approximation
本文证明了乘法丢番图逼近的Duffin-Schaeffer型结果，去除了单调性假设，给出了无穷多个逼近成立的充要条件，解决了Beresnevich、Haynes和Velani的猜想。
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