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arXiv 1012.1566cond-mat.stat-mech
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HMF模型中的非平衡相变:进一步研究

Out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in the HMF model: a closer look

F. Staniscia, P. H. Chavanis, G. De Ninno

摘要:

我们在Lynden-Bell的Vlasov方程统计理论的框架下,详细讨论了哈密顿平均场(HMF)模型中的非平衡态相变。对于两水平初始条件,热量曲线$β(E)$仅取决于分布函数的初始值$f_0$。我们证明了在参数空间中磁化态和非磁化态之间相变性质变化的不同区域:(i)对于$f_0>0.10965$,系统表现出一个二级相变;(ii)对于$0.109497<f_0<0.10965$,系统表现出一个二级相变和一个一级相变;(iii)对于$0.10947<f_0<0.109497$,系统表现出两个二级相变;(iv)对于$f_0<0.10947$,没有相变。从第一级到第二级相变的转变对应于三临界点。两个从无到有的二阶相变的突然出现对应于二阶非线性。这与相位重入现象相关联。当考虑到亚稳态时,问题变得更加丰富。特别地,我们发现了相位重入的新情况。我们认为微正则和正则系综和报告存在一个小区域的系综不等价。我们还解释了为什么使用的初始磁化$M_0$作为外部参数,而不是相位电平$f_0$,可能会导致不一致的化学分析。

英文摘要:

We provide a detailed discussion of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model in the framework of Lynden-Bell's statistical theory of the Vlasov equation. For two-levels initial conditions, the caloric curve $β(E)$ only depends on the initial value $f_0$ of the distribution function. We evidence different regions in the parameter space where the nature of phase transitions between magnetized and non-magnetized states changes: (i) for $f_0>0.10965$, the system displays a second order phase transition; (ii) for $0.109497<f_0<0.10965$, the system displays a second order phase transition and a first order phase transition; (iii) for $0.10947<f_0<0.109497$, the system displays two second order phase transitions; (iv) for $f_0<0.10947$, there is no phase transition. The passage from a first order to a second order phase transition corresponds to a tricritical point. The sudden appearance of two second order phase transitions from nothing corresponds to a second order azeotropy. This is associated with a phenomenon of phase reentrance. When metastable states are taken into account, the problem becomes even richer. In particular, we find a new situation of phase reentrance. We consider both microcanonical and canonical ensembles and report the existence of a tiny region of ensembles inequivalence. We also explain why the use of the initial magnetization $M_0$ as an external parameter, instead of the phase level $f_0$, may lead to inconsistencies in the thermodynamical analysis.

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