发表机构
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究揭示了在有限时间分辨率下检测非平衡态的光谱代价，指出所需快照数量随指数增长，且无自适应方法能超越此速率。
AI 中文摘要
一个探测器若无法在短于时间τ₀内拍摄两张快照，仍能精确识别一个完全观测的有限马尔可夫生成器，前提是其间隙由两个时钟随机化。识别并非检测。对于正常的非平衡网络，拒绝所有隐藏平衡解释所需的快照数量随e^{2γ_irrτ₀}增长，其中γ_irr是旋转模式的最慢阻尼。没有自适应调度能超越此速率，且对一条相关轨迹的测试能达到该速率。
英文摘要
A detector that cannot take two snapshots closer than a time $τ_0$ still identifies a fully observed finite Markov generator exactly, provided its gaps are randomized by two clocks. Identification is not detection. For a normal nonequilibrium network, the number of snapshots needed to reject every hidden equilibrium explanation grows as $e^{2γ_{\mathrm{irr}}τ_0}$, where $γ_{\mathrm{irr}}$ is the slowest damping of rotating modes. No adaptive schedule beats this rate, and a test on one dependent trajectory attains it.
Comments4 pages, 2 figures; Supplemental Material included
