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arXiv 1011.0645quant-ph
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量子系统中例外点的作用

The role of exceptional points in quantum systems

Ingrid Rotter

摘要:

本文首先讨论例外点的数学基本性质。然后,考虑它们在描述真实物理量子系统中的作用。最有趣的值是本征函数的相位刚度,其在1(对于远距离非重叠状态)和0(在共振态完全重叠的例外点处)之间变化。这种变化允许系统包含环境诱导效应。在异常点附近,系统可以用传统的非线性薛定谔方程很好地描述。在重叠共振的状态下,系统的所有状态都参与了动力学相变:一些短暂的共振态通过捕获其他状态而与环境的散射态对齐。捕获的共振态具有混沌特征。由于一些状态与环境状态的对齐,可观测值可以被增强。动态相变使我们能够理解一些在传统厄米量子物理框架下仍然令人困惑的实验结果。物理系统中的异常点所引起的影响使我们能够在许多不同的应用中操纵它们。

英文摘要:

In the present paper, first the mathematical basic properties of the exceptional points are discussed. Then, their role in the description of real physical quantum systems is considered. Most interesting value is the phase rigidity of the eigenfunctions which varies between 1 (for distant non-overlapping states) and 0 (at the exceptional point where the resonance states completely overlap). This variation allows the system to incorporate environmentally induced effects. In the very neighborhood of an exceptional point, the system can be described well by a conventional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the regime of overlapping resonances, a dynamical phase transition takes place to which all states of the system contribute: a few short-lived resonance states are aligned to the scattering states of the environment by trapping the other states. The trapped resonance states show chaotic features. Due to the alignment of a few states with the states of the environment, observable values may be enhanced. The dynamical phase transition allows us to understand some experimental results which remained puzzling in the framework of conventional Hermitian quantum physics. The effects caused by the exceptional points in physical systems allow us to manipulate them for many different applications.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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