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arXiv 1008.0905math-phhep-thmath.MPmath.SPquant-ph
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复平面中的非谐振子、$\mathcal{PT}$对称性和实本征值

Anharmonic oscillators in the complex plane, $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry, and real eigenvalues

Kwang C. Shin

摘要:

对于整数$m\geq 3$和$1\leq\ell\leq m-1$,研究了当$z$沿复平面上的射线$\arg z=-\fracπ{2}\pm \frac{(\ell+1)π}{m+2}$趋于无穷大时,$u(z)$衰减为零的边界条件下的特征值问题$-u^{\prime\prime}(z)+[(-1)^{\ell}(iz)^m-P(iz)]u(z)=λu(z)$,其中$P$是至多$m-1$次数的多项式.我们提供的特征值$λ_{n}$的渐近展开。然后我们证明了如果特征值问题是$\mathcal{PT}$ -对称的,那么特征值都是实数和正数,最多有100个例外。此外,我们表明,当$\gcd(m,\ell)=1$,本征值问题有无穷多个实特征值当且仅当其平移或本身是$\mathcal{PT}$ -对称的。此外,我们将证明其他一些有趣的直接和逆谱结果。

英文摘要:

For integers $m\geq 3$ and $1\leq\ell\leq m-1$, we study the eigenvalue problems $-u^{\prime\prime}(z)+[(-1)^{\ell}(iz)^m-P(iz)]u(z)=λu(z)$ with the boundary conditions that $u(z)$ decays to zero as $z$ tends to infinity along the rays $\arg z=-\fracπ{2}\pm \frac{(\ell+1)π}{m+2}$ in the complex plane, where $P$ is a polynomial of degree at most $m-1$. We provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalues $λ_{n}$. Then we show that if the eigenvalue problem is $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric, then the eigenvalues are all real and positive with at most finitely many exceptions. Moreover, we show that when $\gcd(m,\ell)=1$, the eigenvalue problem has infinitely many real eigenvalues if and only if its translation or itself is $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. Also, we will prove some other interesting direct and inverse spectral results.

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