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arXiv 1008.0871astro-ph.GA
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IRDC团簇性质和演化的红外射电研究

An Infrared through Radio Study of the Properties and Evolution of IRDC Clumps

Cara Battersby, John Bally, James M. Jackson, Adam Ginsburg, Yancy L. Shirley, Wayne Schlingman, Jason Glenn

摘要:

我们研究的物理性质和演化阶段的样本中的17块8红外暗云(IRDC)结合现有的红外,毫米,和无线电数据与新的Bolocam银河平面调查(BGPS)1.1毫米数据,VLA无线电连续数据,HHT致密气体(HCO+和N2 H+)光谱数据。我们结合文献研究的恒星形成示踪剂和尘埃温度与我们的搜索超紧凑(UC)HII地区的IRDC块讨论一个可能的演化序列。此外,我们进行了分析的质量示踪剂在IRDC和发现,8微米的消光质量和1.1毫米的Bolocam银河平面调查(BGPS)的质量是互补的质量示踪剂在IRDC除了最活跃的团块(特别是那些包含UCHII地区),这两个质量示踪剂遭受偏见。我们发现,测量的维里质量在IRDC团块均匀高于测量的尘埃连续质量的尺度上的~1 pc。我们使用13 CO,HCO+,和N2 H+研究IRDC的分子气体性质,并没有看到任何证据之间的化学分化的热和冷块的规模约为1 pc。然而,由于温度和/或密度的增加,HCO+和N2 H+在活性团块中更亮。我们报告了四个嵌入IRDC团块的UCHII区域的识别,并发现UCHII区域与明亮(>1 Jy)的24微米点源相关,最亮的UCHII区域与“漫射红色团块”(8微米处的扩展增强)相关。广泛的阶段所讨论的进化序列(从一个静止的团块嵌入HII区)的支持文献尘埃温度估计,但是,没有顺序的性质可以推断之间的个别恒星形成示踪剂。

英文摘要:

We examine the physical properties and evolutionary stages of a sample of 17 clumps within 8 Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) by combining existing infrared, millimeter, and radio data with new Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) 1.1 mm data, VLA radio continuum data, and HHT dense gas (HCO+ and N2H+) spectroscopic data. We combine literature studies of star formation tracers and dust temperatures within IRDCs with our search for ultra-compact (UC) HII regions to discuss a possible evolutionary sequence for IRDC clumps. In addition, we perform an analysis of mass tracers in IRDCs and find that 8 micron extinction masses and 1.1 mm Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) masses are complementary mass tracers in IRDCs except for the most active clumps (notably those containing UCHII regions), for which both mass tracers suffer biases. We find that the measured virial masses in IRDC clumps are uniformly higher than the measured dust continuum masses on the scale of ~1 pc. We use 13CO, HCO+, and N2H+ to study the molecular gas properties of IRDCs and do not see any evidence of chemical differentiation between hot and cold clumps on the scale of ~1 pc. However, both HCO+ and N2H+ are brighter in active clumps, due to an increase in temperature and/or density. We report the identification of four UCHII regions embedded within IRDC clumps and find that UCHII regions are associated with bright (>1 Jy) 24 micron point sources, and that the brightest UCHII regions are associated with "diffuse red clumps" (an extended enhancement at 8 micron). The broad stages of the discussed evolutionary sequence (from a quiescent clump to an embedded HII region) are supported by literature dust temperature estimates; however, no sequential nature can be inferred between the individual star formation tracers.

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