用遗传正演模拟红外暗云的分布和特征
Distribution and characteristics of Infrared Dark Clouds using genetic forward modelling
摘要：
红外暗云（IRDC）是在中红外线巡天中看到的阴影云。它们被认为是大质量恒星的诞生地，然而关于它们的总体性质（如质量谱、空间分布）的信息非常少。遗传正演模拟与两微米全天巡天和贝桑松银河系模型一起使用，以推断出星际消光的三维分布对以前确定的IRDC候选人。这个衍生的尘埃分布可以用来确定IRDC的距离和质量，独立于银河系的运动学模型。沿着穿过IRDC的视线，可以看到在云的距离处消光急剧上升。假设尘埃与气体的比例，云的总质量可以估计。该方法已成功地应用于1259 IRDC，其中包括1000多个目前没有距离或质量估计。IRDC被认为优先位于银河系的旋臂和分子环中，加强了它们是大质量恒星诞生地的想法。此外，它们的质谱被认为遵循指数为-1.75 +/-0.06的幂律，比银河系内部的巨大分子云更陡峭，但与GMC中的团块相当。这个斜率表明，使用本方法检测到的IRDC不是引力约束的，而是湍流引起的密度波动的结果。
英文摘要：
Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are dark clouds seen in silhouette in mid-infrared surveys. They are thought to be the birthplace of massive stars, yet remarkably little information exists on the properties of the population as a whole (e.g. mass spectrum, spatial distribution). Genetic forward modelling is used along with the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the Besancon Galactic model to deduce the three dimensional distribution of interstellar extinction towards previously identified IRDC candidates. This derived dust distribution can then be used to determine the distance and mass of IRDCs, independently of kinematic models of the Milky Way. Along a line of sight that crosses an IRDC, the extinction is seen to rise sharply at the distance of the cloud. Assuming a dust to gas ratio, the total mass of the cloud can be estimated. The method has been successfully applied to 1259 IRDCs, including over 1000 for which no distance or mass estimate currently exists. The IRDCs are seen to lie preferentially along the spiral arms and in the molecular ring of the Milky Way, reinforcing the idea that they are the birthplace of massive stars. Also, their mass spectrum is seen to follow a power law with an index of -1.75 +/- 0.06, steeper than giant molecular clouds in the inner Galaxy, but comparable to clumps in GMCs. This slope suggests that the IRDCs detected using the present method are not gravitationally bound, but are rather the result of density fluctuations induced by turbulence.
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